Transcript Memory and Thought - spetersopsych

Memory and Thought
Bell Activity 4/10/2013
Learning Targets: At the
end of class you will be
able to
-Explain the three
processes of memory
-Describe the informationprocessing model of
Memory
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3.
4.
Learning Unit RETEST on Friday
4/12…you are
welcome!
Name the seven dwarves from
Snow White.
Why do teachers find it easier
(sometimes) to remember
names of students who were
“troublemakers?”
How important are eyewitness
accounts in a trial? Why?
Which would be worse...not
being able to remember the
past or not being able to learn
anything new?
Now pick pick out the seven
dwarves.
Grouchy Gabby Fearful Sleepy Smiley
Jumpy Hopeful Goofy
Sleazy
Shy
Droopy Moody
Hoppy
Dopey Sniffy
Wishful Puffy Ren
Dumpy Sneezy
Pop Grumpy Cheesy
Bashful Cheerful
Teach Snorty Nifty Itchy
Happy Doc
Wheezy Stubby Poopy Diddy Stimpy
Seven Dwarves
Sleepy, Dopey, Grumpy, Sneezy, Happy, Doc and Bashful
The Memory Process
 The
Memory
includes 3
processes
input or
encoding,
storage and
retrieval
Memory Processes
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Encoding: using basic senses to establish
memories (acoustic codes, visual codes,
semantic codes); Sort of like typing info into a
computer.
Storage: Process by which information is
kept/maintained; Think…saving the info to
the computer
Retrieval: Ability to retrieve the memories
that you stored; Like clicking on the file and
opening it up
3 Stages of Memory
The Information-Processing Model of memory
lists three stages of Memory
 Sensory Memory
 Short-Term Memory
 Long-Term Memory
3 Stages of Memory: Sensory
Memory
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Very brief memory storage immediately following
initial stimulation of a sensor receptor
Echoic (audio) and Iconic (visual)
Stored for a brief second; most goes unprocessed
Serves three functions: (1) Keeps us from getting
overwhelmed, (2) Gives us time to make decisions
and (3) helps us create stability and continuity in our
world
3 Stages of Memory: ShortTerm Memory


Things in your conscious mind at any given
moment; memory that holds information for a
brief time
Information must be stored into long term
memory or it will be forgotten.
Remember this number
5406746487
540-674-6487
Remember this Code
Ck4gy
8j bd5
Xjd 39
Fdf hw
Remember This List
Milk
Cheese
Butter
Eggs
Flour
Apples
Grapes
Shampoo
Bread
Ground beef
Cereal
Catsup
Green beans
jam
3 Stages of Memory: ShortTerm Memory

How do we put information into long-term
memory?
Chunkinggrouping
items
Maintenance
Working MemoryRehearsalworking with
Repeating
current
the
information
Primacy-Recency
information
Effect-Remember
items at the beginning
or at the end of a list.
3 Stages of Memory: Long
Term Memory

Long-Term
Memory:
Storage of
information over
a long period of
time
3 Stages of Memory: LongTerm Memory

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Endel Turving’s Theory: we have two types
of memory (Semantic and Episodic)
Semantic: Knowledge of language including
rules, words and meanings
Episodic: Unique version of our lives; how we
remember events
3 Stages of Memory: LongTerm Memory

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L.R. Squire’s Model also includes two types
Declarative memory; includes both semantic
and episodic. Information that we
consciously use
Procedural memory: Memories/skills that do
not require conscious efforts to recall (riding a
bike, swimming, driving, etc.)
3 Stages of Memory: LongTerm Memory

Some information may be lost over a period
of time. This is debated among psychologists
Can Memories be Influenced?

http://streaming.factsonfile.com/PortalViewVi
deo.aspx?xtid=40125&loid=73388&psid=0&si
d=0&State=&title=Classic Studies in
Psychology&IsSearch=Y&parentSeriesID=#
Poster Assignment
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Work in groups of 2-3
Create a poster that shows the memory
process OR the three stages of memory
Must have at least two illustrations
Bell Activity: 4/15/2013
Learning Targets: At the end
of class you will be able to List the parts of the brain
and their role in memory
 Define recognition and
recall
 Discuss the reasons for
forgetting information
 List ways to improve
memory
1.) What were the three
processes of memory?
2.) What are the three stage
of memory?
3.) Explain the primacyrecency effect.
4.)What do you remember
about the shootings at VT
on 4/16/2007? Where were
you? How did you hear?
Etc.
More Review!

Eye Witness
http://streaming.factsonfile.com/PortalViewVi
deo.aspx?xtid=35671&loid=76070&psid=0&si
d=0&State=&title=Psychology Media
Suite&IsSearch=Y&parentSeriesID=#

Primacy-Recency
Sleep

Textbook Assignment:
(Page 280)

Explain what role each of the following play
in memory:
Cortex (Short Term), Thalmus, Hippocampus,
Amygdala, and the Cortex (Long Term)
Retrieving Information
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Memory Retrieval
Processes include:
Recognition
Recall
Relearning
Forgetting
Improving Memory
Retrieving Information
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Recognition:
Identifying an object,
idea or situation as
something you are
familiar with
Ex: May not be able to
recall a person’s name
but you know you know
them.
Retrieving Information
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Recall: Active reconstruction of all material
Guided by experience, knowledge and clues from
the environment.
Memory may be altered by reconstructive processes,
confabulation, or schemas
State-Dependent Learning: Recalling information
easily when in the same physical or emotional state
as when the information was encoded.
Bell Activity 4/16/2013
Learning Targets: At the end of
class, you will be able to•Describe the memory retrieval
process
•Explain processes of forgetting
information
•List ways to improve memory
•Memory and Thought test on
Thursday.
•Vocabulary due on
Wednesday.
•Presentations on Friday
1.) What is confabulation?
2.) Which part of the brain
helps with long term
memory and our ability to
transfer words, facts and
events into long-term
memory?
3.) What type of memory
includes words, language
and information we
consciously use?
4.) What is the difference
between recognition
memory and recall?
Retrieving Information

Relearning:
Easier to relearn
something if you
already have
exposure to the
material.
Retrieving Information
Forgetting: Failure of
memory
 Input of memory fades
away or decays over
time (short term, not
sure about long term)
 Interference sometimes
plays a key role in
memory failure
Retrieving Memory
Interference: 2 types,
proactive and retroactive
 Proactive: earlier memory
blocks later information
 Retroactive: New
information blocks old
memories
 Interference may actually
erase memories
 Freud believed that in some
cases the memories were
subconsciously hidden
(repression)
Retrieving Information
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Amnesia
Loss of memory
after traumatic
head injury; could
also occur from
drug use or
psychological
stress
The Man With No Memory
Retrieving Information
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Infant Amnesia: lack of early declarative
memories
Freud thought these memories were
repressed due to infant trauma
May be due to infants not understanding
language
Or hippocampus may not be mature
enough
Memory Videos
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The Mystery of Memory
Bell Activity 4/17/2013
Learning Targets: At the end
of class, you will be able to
-List ways to improve our
memories.
-Define Mnemonic Devices
-Review for test on Memory
and Thought
TEST TOMORROW
(THURSDAY)
Presentations on
Friday
1.) What is the term that
refers to the loss of memory
and causes us to forget
information?
2.) According to Freud what
are memories that are
“hidden?” Why are the
“hidden?”
3.) What are the two types of
interference?
4.) What techniques have your
teachers used to try and
help you remember
information?
Improving Memory
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It is easier to remember
information if it is connected
with information that you
already know
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This is called elaborative
rehearsal
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The more “categories” a
memory is indexed under,
the easier it is to access it
later.
Improving Memory
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Overlearning: Keep
rehearsing even after
you think you know it.
Don’t study similar
material together
Study a little at a
time: Distributed
Practice
Improving Memories
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Mnemonic Devices:
Techniques to memorize
and retrieve information
ROY G BIV
“Thirty Days has
September…”
“Every Good Boy Does
Fine”
Takes extra work to create
the se devices but the work
itself will help you memorize
the material
Memory and Thought Test
Today’s Test is on-line. Please follow the following instructions
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Go to Mr. P’s Web Site:
http://spetersopsych.wikis
paces.com/
Click on the Quia site
Click on the “Memory and
Thought” Test
Type in your name
Type in the secret word
“memory”
Answer all questions
correctly!
Go to Edmodo and
complete the assignment
“Good Luck” from Joanie
and Chachi!