Transcript 1. Making sense of information as meaningful

1. Making sense of information as
meaningful occurs in the process of ___ so
that we may store it in memory.
•
•
•
•
A) construction
B) flashbulb
C) encoding
D) sensory memory
351
2. Being able to remember major
events clearly because of their
emotional impact is called:
•
•
•
•
A) flashbulb memory.
B) sensory memory.
C) photographic memory.
D) traumatic memory.
351
3. In the three-stage processing model
of memory, the stages, in order of
occurrence are:
•
•
•
•
A) flashbulb, working, long-term.
B) sensory, short-term, long-term.
C) working, short-term, long-term.
D) visual, short-term, long-term.
361
4. When you solve a math problem in your
head, you have to hold the information there
while you calculate. This calls into play ___
memory.
•
•
•
•
A) rehearsal
B) working
C) conscious
D) arithmetic
352
6. When studying information, like concepts in
your textbook, you must work at it and pay
attention. This is called ___ processing.
•
•
•
•
A) meaningful
B) deliberate
C) effortful
D) redundant
354
7. Your friend says, “I wait to study all the
material the night before the test, so it is fresh
in my mind.” You tell him from what you have
learned:
• A) that you agree this is the best way to prepare
for a test.
• B) he should rehearse the material as many
times as he can the night before the test.
• C) he should audio tape the material and replay
it in his sleep.
• D) that he should spread his studying across
many days.
352
8. The “serial position effect” describes
our tendency to:
• A) remember what we had for breakfast.
• B) remember things when they are in
numerical order.
• C) remember the first and last items of a
list more successfully.
• D) remember the first items of the list
more often than the last ones.
356
9. The self-reference effect refers to
the increased remembering of
information when:
•
•
•
•
A) someone told the person directly.
B) the person saw the even first-hand.
C) that information holds personal meaning.
D) the person has been directly accused of
something.
358
10. Using a method such as, “one is a bun,
two is a shoe, etc.” to help you remember
is a ____ device called a ____ system.
•
•
•
•
A) mnemonic; peg-word
B) semantic; chunking
C) working memory; spacing effect
D) priming; semantic encoding
359
11. Brief, visual sensory memory is
like a snapshot, and only lasts for
less than a second is called:
•
•
•
•
A) echoic memory.
B) iconic memory.
C) short-term memory.
D) immediate memory.
362
12. Our immediate, short-term memory for
new material is limited in capacity to roughly
___ bits of information.
•
•
•
•
A) 3 plus or minus 1
B) 12 plus or minus 3
C) 20 plus or minus 4
D) 7 plus or minus 2
362
13. When we remember how to do
something, but cannot consciously explain it or
even recall the information when asked, ___ is
involved.
•
•
•
•
A) episodic memory
B) explicit memory
C) implicit memory
D) semantic memory
367
14. The ____ of the brain plays a
major role in the formation of new,
explicit memories.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus
B) hypothalamus
C) amygdala
D) frontal lobes
368
15. Changes in our nervous system which
enhance our memory storage is known as:
•
•
•
•
A) dendrite growth.
B) next-in-line effect.
C) long-term potentiation.
D) automatic processing.
365
16. Essay tests measure ___ and
multiple choice tests measure ___.
• A) long-term memory; short-term
memory
• B) recall; recognition
• C) retrieval; clustering
• D) semantic memory; visual
memory
370
17. Asked quickly to spell “shop” and then
asked, “What do you do when you get to a
green light?”, most people answer, “stop”.
This is an example of:
•
•
•
•
A) working retrieval.
B) chunking.
C) priming.
D) tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
372
18. The tendency to recall more sad
events when a person is currently sad is
an example of ___ memory.
•
•
•
•
A) flashbulb
B) iconic
C) melancholic
D) mood-congruent
374
19. When Jason learned the material, he
was drunk. He could not recall it when
sober, but could again remember some of it
the next time he drank. This is an example
of:
•
•
•
•
A) long-term potentiation of neurons.
B) the spacing effect.
C) flashbulb memory.
D) state-dependent memory.
374
20. The best way to find information
stored in memory is to use:
•
•
•
•
A) iconic memory.
B) retrieval cues.
C) auditory processing.
D) explicit memory.
371
21. The three sins of forgetting are:
• A) absent-mindedness, transience and
blocking.
• B) short attention, confusion, tip-of-the
tongue.
• C) state-dependent, false memories,
amnesia.
• D) misinformation, interference, recall
failure.
376
22. Jamie remembered something from a
dream that she believed really happened.
This is an example of the sin of:
•
•
•
•
A) somnambulism.
B) misattribution.
C) REM rebound.
D) encoding.
376
23. Not being able to remember all the
details of a common penny is an example of
___ failure.
•
•
•
•
A) state-dependent
B) recall
C) encoding
D) misinformation
377
24: When learning something new makes
recall of previously learned information
more difficult, this is called:
•
•
•
•
A) proactive interference.
B) the misinformation effect.
C) retroactive interference.
D) persistence.
379
25. Inspector Bradigan wants to call in a
hypnotist to help the victim of abuse better
recall repressed memories. You inform the
inspector that:
• A) he should only use a highly trained
hypnotist.
• B) recovered memories under hypnosis are
unreliable.
• C) the victim may be too emotional to
remember.
• D) he should also use a truth serum.
388
Acknowledgements
• Step Up Created by:
– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology,
Eighth Edition
• By David G. Myers
• Published by
• Worth Publishers (2007)
Answers
1.
C
9.
C
17.
C
2.
A
10.
A
18.
D
3.
B
11.
B
19.
D
4.
B
12.
D
20.
B
5.
A
13.
C
21.
A
6.
C
14.
A
22.
B
7.
D
15.
C
23.
C
8.
C
16.
B
24.
C
25.
B