Transcript 9.3 Retreival and Forgetting

Memory
Retrieval: Getting Information
Out
Retrieval
• Retrieval is:
• Recall
• Recognition
• Speedy relearning
• All three are evidence that
something has been learned
Retrieval
• Retrieval Cues
• Priming
• A quick association that leads to recall of a
memory
• Context Effects
• Similar location and conditions might help to
trigger a memory
• Moods
• Some information is more easily recalled
when you are in a similar mood as when the
information was processed
Forgetting
• The Seven Sins of Memory
• Three sins of forgetting
• Absent-mindedness – inattention to
details produces encoding failure
• Transience – storage decay over time
• Blocking – inaccessibility of stored
information
Forgetting
• Three sins of distortion
• Misattribution – confusions the source of
information
• Suggestibility – the lingering effects of
misinformation
• Bias – belief-colored recollections
• One sin of intrusion
• Persistence – unwanted memories
Forgetting
• Encoding Failure
• Information is never entered into our
long term memory
• Can you spot the real penny?
Forgetting
• Storage Decay
• Previously learned information is
sometimes lost
• A gradual fading of the physical
memory trace
Forgetting
• Retrieval Failure
• Interference
• Proactive interference – something
you learned earlier disrupts recall of
something you experience later
• Retroactive interference – something
you learned recently disrupts your
recall of something you previously
learned
Forgetting
• Motivated Forgetting
• Repression – the banishing from
consciousness anxiety-arousing
thoughts, feelings, and
memories