Transcript Psy 201 Final Overview

Psy 201 Final Overview
Chapter 1 - 15
Explain and then draw “Visual
Information Processing” from scene to
brain.
Abstraction:
Brain’s higher-level cells
respond to combined
information from
feature-detector cells
Feature detection:
Brain’s detector cells
respond to elementary
features-bars, edges, or
gradients of light
Retinal processing:
Receptor rods and
conesbipolar cells
 ganglion cells
Recognition:
Brain matches the
constructed image with
stored images
Scene
Explain and then draw the flow
charts for the two theories of
gender-typing.
Two theories of gender-typing
Social learning theory
Rewards and
punishments
Gender schema theory
Cultural learning
of gender
+
Gender schema
(looking at self and
world through a
gender “lens”)
Observation and
imitation of
models
Gender-typed
behavior
Gender-organized
thinking
+
Gender-typed
behavior
Explain and draw Maslow’s
hierarchy of needs.
Draw the flow chart and name the
elements for “The Two Routes to
Emotion.”
Physiological
activation
Appraisal
Emotional
response
Expressive
behavior
Event
Subjective
experience
Example Question 1
Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is
Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned
against his will in the mental hospital where his
relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is
most likely suffering from:
A) an antisocial personality disorder.
B) schizophrenia.
C) a panic disorder.
D) a dissociative identity disorder.
E) a mood disorder.
Example Question 1
Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is
Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned
against his will in the mental hospital where his
relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is
most likely suffering from:
A) an antisocial personality disorder.
B) schizophrenia.
C) a panic disorder.
D) a dissociative identity disorder.
E)a mood disorder.
Example Question 2
Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an
event on the basis of how readily we can
remember instances of its occurrence is called
the:
A) framing effect.
B) belief perseverance phenomenon.
C) confirmation bias.
D) representativeness heuristic.
E) availability heuristic.
Example Question 2
Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an
event on the basis of how readily we can
remember instances of its occurrence is called
the:
A) framing effect.
B) belief perseverance phenomenon.
C) confirmation bias.
D) representativeness heuristic.
E) availability heuristic.
Example Question 3
Rats easily learn to associate nauseaproducing radiation treatments with:
A) loud sounds.
B) bright lights.
C) bitter tastes.
D) high-pitched sounds.
E) any of the above.
Example Question 3
Rats easily learn to associate nauseaproducing radiation treatments with:
A) loud sounds.
B) bright lights.
C) bitter tastes.
D) high-pitched sounds.
E) any of the above.
Example Question 4
Which of the following is the best description of
techniques involving behavior modification?
A) Patients are helped to identify a hierarchy of anxietyarousing experiences.
B) Clients' illogical ways of thinking are vigorously
challenged.
C) Patients are influenced by controlling the
consequences of their actions.
D) What a client says during the course of therapy is
repeated or rephrased.
E) Attention is focused on clients' positive and negative
feelings toward their therapists.
Example Question 4
Which of the following is the best description of
techniques involving behavior modification?
A) Patients are helped to identify a hierarchy of anxietyarousing experiences.
B) Clients' illogical ways of thinking are vigorously
challenged.
C) Patients are influenced by controlling the
consequences of their actions.
D) What a client says during the course of therapy is
repeated or rephrased.
E) Attention is focused on clients' positive and negative
feelings toward their therapists.
Example Question 5
A culture that promotes individualism is
most likely to encourage:
A) altruism.
B) nonconformity.
C) ingroup bias.
D) groupthink.
E) superordinate goals.
Example Question 5
A culture that promotes individualism is
most likely to encourage:
A) altruism.
B) nonconformity.
C) ingroup bias.
D) groupthink.
E) superordinate goals.
Example Question 6
Differences in learning and memory
abilities are greatest among people
during:
A) late adolescence.
B) early adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) later adulthood.
Example Question 6
Differences in learning and memory
abilities are greatest among people
during:
A) late adolescence.
B) early adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) later adulthood.
Example Question 7
Prejudice is best defined as:
A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group.
B) a fearful suspicion of people one has never met.
C) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its
members.
D) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals.
E) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their
fate.
Example Question 7
Prejudice is best defined as:
A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group.
B) a fearful suspicion of people one has never met.
C) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its
members.
D) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals.
E) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their
fate.
Example Question 8
A synapse is a(n):
A) chemical messenger that triggers muscle
contractions.
B) automatic response to sensory input.
C) junction between a sending neuron and a
receiving neuron.
D) neural cable containing many axons.
Example Question 8
A synapse is a(n):
A) chemical messenger that triggers muscle
contractions.
B) automatic response to sensory input.
C) junction between a sending neuron and a
receiving neuron.
D) neural cable containing many axons.
Example Question 9
The central nervous system consists of:
A) sensory and motor neurons.
B) somatic and autonomic subsystems.
C) the brain and the spinal cord.
D) sympathetic and parasympathetic
branches.
Example Question 9
The central nervous system consists of:
A) sensory and motor neurons.
B) somatic and autonomic subsystems.
C) the brain and the spinal cord.
D) sympathetic and parasympathetic
branches.
Example Question 10
Perception is the process by which:
A) stimulus energies are detected.
B) stimulus energies are transformed into
neural activity.
C) sensory input is selected, organized,
and interpreted.
D) nerve cells respond to specific features
of a stimulus.
Example Question 10
Perception is the process by which:
A) stimulus energies are detected.
B) stimulus energies are transformed into
neural activity.
C) sensory input is selected, organized,
and interpreted.
D) nerve cells respond to specific features
of a stimulus.
Example Question 11
In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's
salivation triggered by the sound of the
tone was a(n):
A) conditioned response.
B) unconditioned stimulus.
C) unconditioned response.
D) conditioned stimulus.
Example Question 11
In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's
salivation triggered by the sound of the
tone was a(n):
A) conditioned response.
B) unconditioned stimulus.
C) unconditioned response.
D) conditioned stimulus.
Example Question 12
The process of encoding refers to:
A) the persistence of learning over time.
B) the recall of information previously learned.
C) getting information into memory.
D) the motivated forgetting of painful
memories.
E) a clear memory of an emotionally significant
event.
Example Question 12
The process of encoding refers to:
A) the persistence of learning over time.
B) the recall of information previously learned.
C) getting information into memory.
D) the motivated forgetting of painful
memories.
E) a clear memory of an emotionally significant
event.
Example Question 13
The bell-shaped pattern that represents the
frequency of occurrence of intelligence test
scores in the general population is called a:
A) standardization sample.
B) reliability coefficient.
C) factor analysis.
D) normal curve.
E) savant syndrome.
Example Question 13
The bell-shaped pattern that represents the
frequency of occurrence of intelligence test
scores in the general population is called a:
A) standardization sample.
B) reliability coefficient.
C) factor analysis.
D) normal curve.
E) savant syndrome.
Example Question 14
For a thirsty person, drinking water
serves to reduce:
A) homeostasis.
B) a drive.
C) an instinct.
D) extrinsic motivation.
E) metabolic rate.
Example Question 14
For a thirsty person, drinking water
serves to reduce:
A) homeostasis.
B) a drive.
C) an instinct.
D) extrinsic motivation.
E) metabolic rate.
Example Question 15
In one survey, Americans were more optimistic
that they themselves would go to heaven
than would either Michael Jordan or Bill
Clinton. This best illustrates:
A) an internal locus of control.
B) the Barnum effect.
C) an Electra complex.
D) sublimation.
E) self-serving bias.
Example Question 15
In one survey, Americans were more optimistic
that they themselves would go to heaven
than would either Michael Jordan or Bill
Clinton. This best illustrates:
A) an internal locus of control.
B) the Barnum effect.
C) an Electra complex.
D) sublimation.
E) self-serving bias.
Example Question 16
When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the
sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared to offer
help. But when he noticed several adults walk past
the man, he concluded that the man did not need
any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of
the dynamics involved in:
A) the mere exposure effect.
B) the fundamental attribution error.
C) social loafing.
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
E) the bystander effect.
Example Question 16
When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the
sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared to offer
help. But when he noticed several adults walk past
the man, he concluded that the man did not need
any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of
the dynamics involved in:
A) the mere exposure effect.
B) the fundamental attribution error.
C) social loafing.
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
E) the bystander effect.