Transcript astronomy - Boyle County Schools

ASTRONOMY
- study
of all physical
objects in space
History of Space –
10 min.
What a Wonderful World
I. History Timeline
50s – Russian Sputnik – 1st satellite in space__
TIMELINE
___________________________________
50s ’61
Alan Shepherd – 1st American
in space
TIMELINE
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50s ’61 ’62
John Glennorbits earth
TIMELINE
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50s ’61 ’62 ’68
around
moon
Timeline
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50s ’61 ’62 ’68 ’69
Neal
Armstrong
1st to walk
on moon
Armstrong, Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin
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50s ’61 ’62 ’68 ’69 80s
space shuttle
1st reusable
spacecraft
TIMELINE
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50s ’61 ’62 ’68 ’69
80s 1990s –
Hubble
space
telescope
II. Universe
A. Distance measured
1. light year – distance light travels
through space in one yr.
2. Astronomical Unit (A.U.) – distance
between earth & sun (93 million miles)
B. Galaxy – large group of
stars that travel together
1. star – giant ball of hot glowing
gases
- Constellation – sections
w/patterns
2. Milky Way – spiral shape
III. Our Solar System – sun + 8
planets
A. Planetary Motion
1. revolution – planets orbit
around sun; causes 1 year
2. rotation – spins on axis; causes
day/night
B. Sun – closest star
1. core made of H atoms fuse to
formHe atoms - (nuclear fusion)
2. Gravity – keeps planets in orbit
3. Sunspots – dark areas on surface
(cooler gases)
The Sun –
2:45
C. Planets – My very educated mother just
served us nachos
1. Inner Planets – small & dense; rocky
a. Mercury – no atmosphere; ½ HOT & ½
FREEZING; No life
b. Venus – CO2 atm. (+H2SO4)
– traps heat; hottest planet;
rotates opposite earth
c. Earth –
1.) H2O (life); N2 & O2 atmos.;
2.) 1 moon (Luna) – natural satellite:
object that orbits a planet
3.) Tilted at 23.5 degree angle in relation to
the sun – gives us our SEASONS
4. North Pole always pointed toward
Polaris – North Star –
d. Mars – “Red Planet” – red
soil; mainly CO2 (cold); 2 tiny
moons
Inner Planets
 Asteroid Belt – separates
inner & outer Planets; most
asteroids found here
2. Outer Planets – gas giants
(rings); no known solid
surfaces
a. Jupiter – largest; 62 moons;
thin set of rings; “Great Red
Spot” – hurricane-like storm
b. Saturn – 2nd largest; ice &
dust; 61 moons (Titan – 2nd
largest moon); known for large
rings
C. Uranus – axis runs
sideways; 27 moons
d. Neptune – “The Blue World”;
crosses Pluto’s path to switch
positions; winds up to 700
mph; 13 moons
(Pluto – dwarf planet)
Outer Planets
D. Moons
1. all (exc. Mercury/Venus)
have moon (s)
2. reflect light
3. Phases – different appearance
a. New Moon – no sunlight facing
earth; moon between sun & earth;
- after: amt. of light gets larger
(waxes)
b. 1st Quarter – sunlight on the right ½
c. Full Moon – see whole moon;
- after: amt. of light gets smaller
(wanes)
d. 3rd Quarter – sunlight on left side
4. Takes 27 1/3 days
Phases of the Moon – 2:38
5. Eclipse – shadow of one body falls on
another
a. lunar eclipse – earth comes between
the sun & moon; shadow of earth
covers moon; turns red (bloody MES)
Lunar Eclipse -
:30
b. Solar Eclipse – moon comes between
earth & sun; shadow of moon covers
earth; can blind you; (EMS)
Solar Eclipse
– 1:13
6. Tides – rise & fall of Earth’s water;
gravity causes it
a. high tide – moon’s gravity pulls
water toward point on Earth’s surface
closest to moon
b. spring tide – 2x/mo. (new & full moon)
– earth, moon, & sun line up: very high
& very low tide
c. neap tide – 2x/mo. (1st & 3rd quarter) –
3 form 90o angle; tides w/least
difference
E. Other small bodies
1. Asteroids – small rocky objects
that orbit sun; in Asteroid Belt
(between Mars & Jupiter)
2. Comets – ball of ice & dust – orbits
sun; 10 miles across & tail 100 million
miles (as tail passes near sun, it melts
& evaporates forming glowing tail)
Haley’s Comet
3. Meteoroid – piece of rock or dust in
space from asteroids or comets
a. meteor – “Shooting Star” meteoroid
enter atmosphere – burn  streak of
light
Shooting Star
b. meteorite – doesn’t burn completely &
falls to ground
c. meteor shower – when Earth passes
through dusty debris left behind the
orbit of a comet
Meteors, Meteoroids, Meteorites