Transcript Old Fold Mountains

Physical
features
Landforms
Water
Bodies
What are landforms?
Landforms are the natural
shapes or features
What are Water Bodies?
Water Bodies are any
significant accumulation
of water.
Lesson Objectives
• Identify the major landforms and water
bodies
• Differentiate between the two types of
plains
• Analyse the 3 types of mountains based on
formation
• Locate physical features on the Earth with
the help of an Atlas
Major
Landforms
Plains
Plateau
Mountain
Fold
Mountains
Volcanic
Mountains
Block
Mountains
Basin
Valley
Minor
Landforms
Islands
Isthmus
Peninsula
Plain
River Plain
Coastal Plain
Plains
• Lowland
• Vast expanse of land
• Height- usually less than 200m from sea
level
• Why are river plains fertile?
• What are the importance/uses of river
plains?
• Eg. U.A.E.- Thaid plain, India- Eastern
Coastal Plain
Plateau
Plateau
• Uplifted section of the Earth’s crust
• Flat tops with steeply sloping sides
• aka- Tableland, plain in the air
• Eg. Africa- East African Plateau
India- Deccan Plateau
Mountains
• Massive areas of land
• Rising to great
heights
• Steep or gentle sides
• What is a chain of
mountains called?
Types of mountains
According to formation:
1. Fold Mountains
2. Volcanic Mountains
3. Block Mountains
Fold Mountain
Fold Mountains
Layers of the Earth’s surface fold due to compression
It is a result of movement inside the Earth
New Fold Mountains
Old Fold Mountains
About 25 million years old
Very high (not much erosion)
About 250 millions years old
Not that high (eroded over time)
Eg. India- Himalayas
North America- Rockies
South America- Andes
Eg. Eurasia- Ural Mts
India- Aravalli
North America- Appalachian
Volcanic Mountain
Volcanic Mountains
• Built by molten lava, ash and dust from
deep inside the Earth that comes out to the
surface through cracks in the crust.
• The high cone like structure on the Earth’s
surface is the accumulation of the molten
lava from within the Earth.
Mount Fuji (Japan)
Mt. Etna (Italy)
Mt. Erebus (Antarctica)
Mt. Vesuvius (Italy)
Block Mountain
Block Mountains
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Cracks or faults on the Earth’s crust
Land between the two cracks and sinks
Blocks are left standing on the two sides
The edges of these mountains are steep with
a flat top
What are the importance of
mountains?
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Plants
Animals
Climate
Getaways
Basins
• Depression on the Earth’s
crust
• Lower than surrounding
land
• Usually along plateau
• Forms inland drainage
• Eg. Lake Chad in Africa
Valleys
• Low lying area
between hills or
mountains
• May be a river valley
• Usually V-shaped
• Eg. Rhine Valley,
Damodar Valley
MINOR LANDFORMS
• Islands
• Peninsula
• Isthmus
Islands
• A piece of land
surrounded by water
on all sides
• India- Lakshadweep
• U.A.E.- Yas Island
Peninsula
• A piece of land
surrounded by water
on 3 sides
• Joined to a larger
landmass
• Eg. India, Malay
peninsula
Isthmus
• Narrow, elongated piece
of land
• Joining two large water
bodies
• Separating two water
bodies
• Eg. Isthmus of Suez
(joining Africa and Asia)
MAJOR WATER BODIES
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Oceans
Seas
Gulfs
Bays
Straits
Lakes
Rivers
Oceans
• Name the 5 oceans.
• 71 % of Earth’s surface is covered with
water
• Oceans are 97% of that water (saline)
• Water percentage is fresh water… do the
math
Seas
• It is a part of the ocean
• It is much shallow and much smaller
• They are located close to the edges of
continents of large landmasses
• Name some seas.
Gulfs and Bays
• It is a part of the sea or ocean
• It is an inlet of water into the land
• Large water body
Strait
• It is a narrow
stretch of water
• Joins two large
water bodies
• Separates two
landmasses
• Eg. Hormuz Strait
in U.A.E.
Lake
• A small water body
• Surrounded by land
on all sides
• Eg. Lake Baykal,
Chilka Lake, Lake
Victoria
• Large lakes are
called inland seas
like Black Sea and
Caspian Sea
River
• A stream of water flowing from a higher
ground level to a lower ground level
• Drains out into the sea or lake
• Origin- Source-where?
• End-Mouth-where?
• Route- Course-where?
What are the uses or rivers?
Describe the flow of the river in
each course.
Observe the depth and width of a
river through its course.
The End 