Transcript Earthquakes "I can..." Review

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- The Earthquake
Story
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Answers we now know…
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How does Earthquake energy move?
How are earthquakes measured?
How are earthquakes located?
How can we make earthquake proof buildings?
What happens at plate boundaries?
What affects the strength of an earthquake?
How do we know what it is like inside the earth?
How and why do the plates move?
Earthquake
Story
Earthquakes energy travels
in seismic waves: P, S and
Surface Waves
Plates move in 4 ways:
converging, diverging,
transforming, and subducting
Earthquakes are different sizes
because faults have different
amounts of friction
Earthquakes are
measured and recorded
by seismometers
We know the Earth has four layers: crust,
mantle, inner and outer core because of
the way waves move through
The plates move because heat from
the core causes convection in the
mantel which drags the plates
Earthquake epicenters are
located by finding the
intersecting distances from 3
seismometers
Earthquake locations show
that the Earth’s crust is broken
into plates
Earthquake resistant buildings
need to be well supported and
anchored to bedrock
Review 1
• Where and why do most Earthquakes occur?
– Earthquakes occur when the tension built up
along plate boundaries and faults from friction
releases. The energy released shakes the ground
and that is what we call an earthquake.
Review 2
• Name the three energy waves, tell how they
move, their relative speed and where they
originate.
– P-waves: Push and pull wave the comes from the
focus. It is the fastest
– S-waves: Side to side motion that comes from the
focus. These are second fastest.
– Surface waves: A rolling motion that travels along
the surface. These are the slowest.
Review 3
••This
Whatismachine
creates
this kind of record?
made by
a seismometer.
• Which city was closest to the epicenter? How do
you
know?
•Juneau is the closest city. You can tell because
•the
How
would you use
this arrived
data to find
thefirst.
epicenter
earthquake
waves
there
of the earthquake?
•The difference in the S and P arrival times will
Juneau
tell how far away it is. Then, if circles are drawn
with the radius of each distance from each city,
Richmond
where
the three intersect is the epicenter.
Honolulu
Review 4
• What is a plate?
– A plate is a piece of the Earths crust. The entire crust is
broken into pieces called plates.
• Name the types of plate boundaries and give a real
example of each. (The more local the better)
– Diverging
• The Atlantic mid-ocean ridge
– Transform
• Example: San Andreas Fault in California
– Subducting
• Under Washington making the Cascades
– Converging
• example: the Himalaya Mountains
Review 5
• Describe what the layers of the Earth are like in terms
of temperature and state (solid liquid or gas)
– Crust less than 1%, is solid, brittle and cool
– The mantle is about 44% of the Earth’s radius, hot and
taffy like
– The outer core is about 33% of Earth’s diameter, liquid
metal and very hot
– The inner core is solid metal, extremely hot and 22% of
Earths radius
• Explain how they know.
– The know because during earthquakes, P and S waves
travel through the interior of the Earth and the way they
travel can show an image of the interior. For example S waves do not travel through liquid
Review 6
• We know that Earthquakes happen along
plate boundaries, but what other events can
happen near a plate boundary? Give three.
– Volcanoes – Near subducting boundaries
– Tsunamis – When there is an earthquake in the
ocean
– Mountain building – Converging plates
– New ocean floor – diverging boundaries
Review 7
• What is the current theory of why the plates
move?
– The plates move because there are convection
currents in the mantle that drag the plates with
them as they move.
• Where does heat for convection come from?
– The energy for the convection current comes from
the core.
You will do great!
Use Knowledge Map
•# 60 – 74
I can’s
All Earthquake “I can’s…”
The test is …
10 multiple choice
10 Written – short answer
2 or 3 fill in the blank type
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