Transcript Chapter 22 Central Africa

Chapter 22 Central Africa
7th Grade Social Studies
Section 1: Physical Geography
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Congo Basin
Western Rift Valley
Congo River
Zambezi River
Why study Central Africa?
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Events in the region have affected U.S.
foreign policy in recent decades.
The region contains rich deposits of
minerals that are useful to people
throughout the world.
Central Africa is home to many exotic plant
and animal species not found elsewhere in
the world.
The tropical rain forest often plays a
significant role in influencing the world’s
climate.
Cameroon is not in southern central
Africa.
Main Ideas
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The Congo Basin, volcanic
mountains, edge of Western Rift
Valley, Congo and Zambezi River
are the major landforms and rivers
of the region.
Few plants and animals live on
the floor of the tropical rain
forest because sunlight does not
get through the canopy.
Main Idea
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Most Central African countries have
a traditional economy.
The majority of people who live
in the southern part of central
Africa live in rural areas, grow
crops and herd goats and cattle.
Vocabulary
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Basins- Regions surrounded by
mountains or other higher land
Canopy- The uppermost layer of a
forest’s trees where limbs spread
out and block out sunlight
Copper belt- A major coppermining region of central Africa
Periodic markets- Open-air
trading markets in central Africa
SECTION 1
Physical Geography
Plants
Rivers and
Lakes
tropical rain forest,
grasslands, trees,
shrubs
Lake Tanganyika, Lake
Malawi, Congo River,
Zambezi River
Animals
antelope, hyenas,
elephants, okapis,
birds, monkeys, bats,
snakes
Major Climates
Central Africa
humid tropical, tropical
savanna, highland,
steppe, desert
Landforms
Congo Basin,
volcanic mountains in
northwestern Cameroon,
highest mountains on
edge of Western
Rift Valley
Crops
coffee, bananas,
corn
Resources
rivers, oil, natural gas,
coal, copper, uranium, tin,
zinc, diamonds, gold,
cobalt
Section 2: History and Culture
Vocabulary
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Ivory- A cream-colored material
that comes from elephant tusks and
is used in making fine jewelry and
handicrafts
Dialect- A variation of a language
Main Ideas
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Many languages spoken in central Africa
are related to languages spread by Bantu
speakers long ago.
The major language of Malawi and
Zambia is English.
Some of the causes of wars in central
Africa include fight for independence,
ethnic troubles, and Cold War rivalries.
Main Idea
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Some popular arts of the region
include makossa music, soukous
music, carved masks, sculpture,
and cotton gowns.
SECTION 2
History and Culture
Major Steps in Central Africa’s History
Step 1:
West Africans moved into central Africa 2,000 years ago.
Step 2:
Bantu-speaking kingdoms were set up and began trading with western and
eastern Africa.
Step 3:
Early African kingdoms used slaves.
Step 4:
Europeans arrived and traded for slaves.
Step 5:
European countries ignored ethnic groups when dividing Africa into
colonies.
Step 6: African colonies gained independence.
Step 7:
Ethnic differences caused problems.
Step 8:
Step 9:
The United States and Soviet Union supported African allies in
wars.
Wars prevented development of natural resources and
cooperation to prevent diseases.
Section 3: The Democratic Republic of
the Congo
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Vocabulary
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Civil war- A conflict between two or
more groups within a country
Main Ideas
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Belgium ruled what is now the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
as a colony until 1960.
The capital of the Republic of
Congo is Brazzaville.
The problems faced by the country
included few professionals, ethnic
fighting, and poverty.
SECTION 3
The Democratic Republic
of the Congo
History of the Democratic Republic of the
Congo
Portuguese contact
Slave trade weakened kingdoms.
Leopold II treated people harshly.
international criticism
Belgian government took control.
Belgians moved there for business.
Congo gained independence in 1960.
Few professionals, many problems
Mobutu Sese Seko in power
Civil war erupted.
Many Belgian professionals left.
Country stayed very poor.
economic problems, corruption
New government took over.
Geography of the World – Africa
(18:00)
• Central African leaders
were known to develop
cankles after several
hours of skiing.
Section 4: The Other Central African
Countries
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Vocabulary
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Exclave- A part of a country that is
separated by territory of other
countries
Main Ideas
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Gabon has the strongest economy
in central Africa.
Zambia’s main income is from
copper mining.
Oil is the most important resource
of many countries in the region.
Angola has a lot of oil.
Main Idea
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Angola has had civil war since it
won its independence.
SECTION 4
The Other Central African
Countries
Central Africa’s People and Economies
economic
growth
slowed by
being
landlocked
Central
African
Republic
strongest
economy
economy
weakened
by civil war
Angola
Gabon
center
of the
region’s
shipping
largest
population
Republic
of the
Congo
strong
copper
industry
Zambia
economy
based on
farming
Malawi
Cameroon
gained
independence from
Spain in
1968
Equatorial
Guinea
smallest
population
São Tomé
and
Príncipe
CHAPTER 22
Chapter Wrap-Up
1. What two river systems are most important
in central Africa?
2. How were the Bantu languages introduced
to central Africa?
3. What religions are practiced by people in
the Democratic Republic of the Congo?
4. What European countries once colonized
central Africa?
5. How important has oil been to Gabon’s
economy?
Zambia (20:00)
Heart of Darkness (24:00)