Transcript In what section of Earth do earthquakes happen?

In the late 1500s a Dutch mapmaker named Abraham Ortelius studied new
maps of the world. He noticed that the Americas seemed to fit with Europe
and Africa like pieces in a jigsaw puzzle, as shown below. He suggested that
the Americas were violently separated from Europe and Africa by
earthquakes and floods.
Which evidence would Alfred Wegener
have presented to show that the
continents have moved over time?
A. Similar plants grow in Africa and Asia
today.
B. Similar animals live in North America
and South America.
C. Rocks found in Europe have minerals
that are identical to those in different
rock types found in Asia.
In 1872 a Frenchman, Elisee Reclus, proposed that the continents drifted in
a random way, but he didn’t know why. He suggested that their collisions
formed mountain ranges and caused earthquakes, as well as leaving empty
places for oceans. An American, Frank B. Tailor, suggested that
gravitational or tidal forces caused by the moon were responsible for the
movement of the continents. In 1912 Alfred Wegener of Germany proposed
the theory of continental drift, based on geology and fossils. He thought the
continents somehow pushed their way through the ocean floor, but couldn’t
say what might cause that to happen. His theory led to the present-day
theory of plate tectonics.
D. Fossils of tropical plants are found in
Antarctica, and glacial deposits are
found in hot, dry parts of Africa.
Which scientist in the passage first described how moving
continents cause some landforms and geological events?
a. Abraham Ortelius
b. Alfred Wegener
c. Frank B. Tailor
d. Elisee Reclus
Which of the following best describes the
inner core of Earth?
A. gas
B. liquid
C. solid
D. vapor
Earth is made of different layers that have
varying characteristics. Which is the
thickest layer?
A.the mantle
B.the inner core
C.the outer core
D.the crust
The inner core of Earth is solid because of
the
A.rate of rotation.
B.extreme temperature.
C.amount of pressure.
D.magnetic field.
Which layer of the Earth has the most
mass?
A.Inner core
B.Outer core
C.Lower mantle
D.Transition region
In what section of Earth do earthquakes
happen?
A.Crust
B.Mantle
C.Inner core
D.Outer core
Use the diagram to answer the question that
follows.
Which is the correct order of Earth’s layers,
from outside to inside?
A. crust, core, mantle
B. crust, mantle, core
C. mantle, crust, core
D. core, crust, mantle
Which of the following has the greatest
direct influence on movement of the
lithosphere?
A.the Sun
B.the Moon
C.Earth’s core
D.Earth’s mantle
A student uses clay to build models of an ocean plate and
a continental plate. What characteristic cannot
be accurately represented by the models?
A.the shapes of plates
B.the relative sizes of plates
C. the relative densities of plates
D.the arrangement of plates relative to one
another
Use the following diagram. Name the
center of Earth and give one of its
characteristics.
This map shows the boundaries of Earth’s
major tectonic plates.
Which numbered area on
the map represents the
African Plate?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Look at the map below. The dots around the
Pacific Ocean show where earthquakes happened.
• Is the land under most of the
Pacific Ocean made of one
tectonic plate or two? Support
your answer.
• What other kind of sudden
geologic event is also likely to
happen on the land around the
Pacific Ocean?
This diagram shows one way that
lithospheric plates can interact.
Which result will the
movement of these two plates
most likely cause?
A. Volcanoes
B. earthquakes
C. ocean spreading
D. mountain building
Lithospheric plates have moved to form land
formations on the Earth's surface. Which land
formation occurs as a result of the plates folding
upon one another?
A. an earthquake
B. a mountain range
C. a river
D. a volcano
The map shows where llamas and camels live. Camels and
llamas are very closely related animals that live in places
that are very far apart. The relationship between camels
and llamas suggests that ________
A. air temperatures have
gotten higher.
B. the oceans have gotten
larger.
C. weather patterns have
changed.
D. the continents have
drifted.
The map shows a boundary between two tectonic
plates. Between which two tectonic plates is this
boundary located?
A. Indo-Australian Plate and
Pacific Plate
B. North American Plate and
Pacific Plate
C. Indo-Australian Plate and
Eurasian Plate
D. North American Plate and
Eurasian Plate
Scientists estimate that the temperature of Earth’s core is
as high as 6000°C. Which best explains how heat from the
core reaches the surface?
A. Hot materials in the mantle circulate the same way warm air rises
and cool air sinks in a heated room.
B. Energy is released as molecules in the mantle form new compounds
that flow toward the crust.
C. Energy from atoms vibrating near the core passes through the
mantle until it reaches the crust.
D. Heat from the core radiates through the mantle the same way
sunlight passes through space.
This map shows the borders of Earth’s major
tectonic plates. Which tectonic plate is directly
south of the African Plate?
A. North American Plate
B. Antarctic Plate
C. Pacific Plate
D. Nazca Plate
Different processes cause Earth to change. Which process
causes earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic
action?
A.movement of tectonic plates
B.pull of the Moon’s gravity
C. deposition of sediments
D.erosion of rocks
The picture represents the formation of the Himalaya
Mountains. Which two plates collided with each other to
form the Himalaya Mountains?
A.Nazca and Eurasian
B.Indo-Australian and
Eurasian
C. North American and
Antarctic
D.South American and
Indo-Australian
Kiesha and Martin created a presentation for their class about a volcanic eruption.
This was their introduction:
Mount Tambora, a volcano in the Indian Ocean, erupted dramatically in April of
1815. The eruption was so powerful that Mount Tambora decreased by one-third its
original height. The explosion was heard over 2000 km (1200 miles) away. Huge
amounts of dust and ash were ejected into the upper atmosphere. Air currents
gradually carried the ash around the planet. The volcanic ash significantly changed
the climate of North America. Cattle and crops died. Weather was unusually cold
for over a year. In fact, the year 1816 is known as “the year without summer.”
They concluded that Mount Tambora’s eruption of 1815 was a sudden, large-scale
geologic event.
Most sudden geologic events happen on a small scale, and most large-scale events
are gradual, so their claim needs consideration. Evaluate the students’ claim.
Support your evaluation with facts from their presentation.
When a layer of intrusive rock enters into other layers
then the intrusive rock layer ________
A.is older than the other layers.
B.is younger than the other layers.
C.has less mass than the other layers.
D.has more mass than the other layers.
Paleontologists have found hundreds of fossils of tropical
plants in cool, dry areas of North America. Which is most
likely indicated by fossil discoveries like these?
A. Glacial movement carried fossils to different places.
B. Some tropical plants can grow in moderate climates.
C. The climate in different areas on Earth has changed
over time.
D. Ancient people carried plants with them as they
traveled to new locations.
Which of the following is the most likely cause
of earthquakes?
A.shifting rock layers
B.crashing meteorites
C.rotation of the core
D.magnetic force
Earthquakes occur along the San Andreas Fault in
California. Which statement best describes plate motion
in the area during the time between earthquakes?
A.Plate motion stops, and plate tension decreases.
B.Plate motion continues, and plate tension
increases.
C. Plate motion stops, and only the mantle moves.
D.Plate motion reverses, and plates return to their
original positions.
Which event most likely caused the
formation of folded mountain ranges?
A. Tectonic plates on the earth pushed
together.
B. Tectonic plates on the earth pulled apart.
C. Tectonic plates on the earth slid past each
other.
D. Tectonic plates on the earth broke into small
pieces.