Transcript Chapter 2 – A Living Planet - smallworldbigthoughts-eub-geo

Chapter 2 – A Living
Planet
Physical Geography
The study of the natural aspects of the Earth.
The Earth
Earth's inner core
is solid iron, its
outer core is
liquid iron mixed
with other
components, and
its mantle is
dense rock.
Earth Inside and Out
• Inside the Earth
– Core
• Inner Core – Solid Iron ball
• Outer Core – swirling melted metals
– Mantle
• Contains most of the Earth’s mass
– Magma forms in mantle
• Atmosphere
– Layer of gases surrounding
the Earth
• Lithosphere
– Solid rock portion of earth’s
surface
– Underwater it’s called the
sea floor
– Huge landmasses above the
sea floor are called
CONTINENTS
• Hydrosphere
– All water elements on earth
• Oceans, seas, rivers, water in
atmosphere, etc.
On And
Above
The Earth
The Biosphere
•Biosphere
•Part of the earth where plants and animals live
•Made up of atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere
Bodies of Water and Landforms
• Bodies of water
– Many types of bodies of
water on Earth
– Examples
• Oceans, seas, lakes, rivers,
streams, ground water
Hydrologic Cycle
Windward Side
Leeward Side
Tsunami
• Giant waves in the
ocean usually caused
by massive shifts in
the Earth’s crust
• Tsunami Animation
2-3 Internal Forces Shaping the
Earth
• Tectonic Plates
– Huge masses of lithosphere that move and shift atop
the hot, molten asthenosphere.
• Continental Drift
– The theory that
the continents
have shifted over
time into new
positions on the
face of the Earth
– Began with
Pangaea
Plate Movement
Plate Movement
• 2) subduction or diving under another plate
Plate Movement
• 3) collision or crashing into each other
Plate Movement
• 4) shearing or sliding past each other
Plate A
Plate
B
Types of Plate Boundaries
1) Divergent Boundary – Plates move
away from each other. (Spreading)
3) Transform Boundary – Plates slide
past each other. (Shearing)
2) Convergent Boundary – Plates move
toward each other. (Subduction or
Collision)
• When two plates
meet they can cause
folding or cracking
– Fault – crack in the
Earth’s crust where
two plates meet.
San Andreas Fault Line
Earthquakes
• Sudden shifts along fault line
• Seismograph
– Special device that can detect vibrations in
the Earth’s surface
– Richter Scale – a scale of measurement used
to determine how strong an earthquake is
Volcano
• Magma eruptions through crust of
the Earth. Many underwater.
Named after Vulcan the Roman
god for fire and metal working. He
was the protector of smiths, and
was normally depicted as a
bearded man, dressed as a worker
and carrying the utensils of a
smith.
• Ring of Fire
– Ring of volcanoes and volcanic activity around the
Pacific Ocean
2-4 External Forces Shaping the
Earth
• Weathering
– Mechanical, chemical
• Erosion
– Water, Wind, Glacial
• Building Soil
– Weathering and erosion break down the
Rocks of the Earth and create soil.