Transcript chapter 13 - Hackettstown School District

Name: _____________
Period: __________
Date: ______________
 __________________: molten rock underground
 Two types:
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____________________: thick and stiff
____________________: thin and fluid
 Gases:
 Major gases: water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur.
 Minor Gases: hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen
sulfide, and sulfur dioxide.
 ***The gas amount in the molten rock is a major factor
in its type of eruption. The more gases in magma, the
more explosive it is. ***
 __________________: an opening in the earth’s surface that magma escapes out
of.
 __________________: when the opening of a volcano collapses in onto itself.
 __________________: a structure made from cooled molten material that
builds around and opening for molten material.
 __________________: top of a volcano’s opening.
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 __________________:
 Molten material that reaches the surface.
 Different from magma by loss of some of its gases.
 Solid lava fragments are ___________________. Ranges from 2 mm (ash) to 64
mm (lapilli, blocks, and clinkers, and bombs).
 In some very explosive eruptions, tephra combines with gases to create a large
superheated cloud that travels downhill with amazing speed. This is a
______________________.
 __________________________: made of basaltic lava
flows, low, broad shape; made from layers of lava;
quiet eruptions, mostly found on oceanic plates.
 _______________________: Squat, narrow structure;
“blows itself up” with violent eruptions; layers of
tephra (granitic material) made up structure, common
to have pyroclastic flows.
 ____________________: made from granitic and
basaltic mixture. Large, tall, alternating layers of lava
and tephra, common to have pyroclastic flows.
 ___________________Eruption:
 Occur at narrow fractures or divergent boundaries
 Basaltic lava
 Shield volcanoes
 Examples: Iceland, mid ocean ridges, or rift valleys
 _____________________ eruption
 Occur where one plate is subducting under another
 Granitic lava
 Cinder-cone volcanoes
 Examples: Cascade Mt., Andes Mt., Philippines, Japan,
and Aleutian Islands
 _______________________
 Hot spots are areas of volcanic activity in the middle of
the plate
 Causes: concentration of heat sources in the
asthenosphere will punch through the lithospheric
plate. The Hot spot remains at the same location but
the plate moves.
 Shield volcanoes
 Examples: Hawaiian Island chain
 1. ___________________: volcano is spewing ash, lava,
tephra, having quakes
 2. ___________________: has had activity in recorded
history, may has small active venting of gases.
 3. ___________________: has not had an eruption in
recorded history. Magma chamber has solidified.
 ______________________:
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Located in Iceland,
divergent volcano, Formed during five-month period
in 1973. Almost closed a harbor. Finally slowed by
pouring gallons of sea water on the lava
______________________: located in Washington
State. Subduction volcano. Erupted May 1980. Blew
out one side of the volcano.
_____________________: located in Hawaii. Hot Spot
volcano. Quiet, fluid eruptions. Place of volcano
study.
_____________________: Located in Italy.
Subduction volcano. Destroyed Pompeii is 79 AD.
Currently watched due to recent increases in activity.
_____________________: located on Sicily.
Subduction volcano. Currently erupting (since
Summer 2001)
 _____________________:
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located Indonesian island chain.
Subduction volcano. “The most violent eruption of historic times”.
August 1883 blew half the island apart and created tsunamis.
______________________: Located Oregon State. Subduction
volcano. Dormant volcano. The top of the cone fell in after lava seeped
out of the sides. Caldera filled with water from rain and snow. Lake is
608 meters deep.
______________________: located in Philippines. Active. Violent
eruption is June 1991. Subduction volcano. Affected meteorology
globally.
______________________: largest volcano found in solar system.
Located on Mars. Dormant.
______________________: most volcanoes of and satellite. Over 100
known volcanoes. Eject sulfur dioxide. Volcanic activity caused by
Jupiter’s strong gravity pull on the satellite.