Transcript Fischer_10_min_forposting

Permanent volcanic gas
observatories can provide key
insights into eruption precursors
Tobias Fischer
University of New Mexico
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~ Depth (km)
Pressure (kbar)
Melt
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1,000
CO2/SO2 (molar)
mod. from: Scaillet and Pichavant, 2005
Pressure (kbar)
10
30
8
15
6
4
2
5
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
~ Depth (km)
Fluid
(gas)
Melt
1,000
CO2/SO2 (molar)
mod. from: Scaillet and Pichavant, 2005
Pressure (kbar)
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30
8
15
6
4
typical volcanic
gas ratios
2
0.01
0.1
1
10
5
100
~ Depth (km)
Fluid
(gas)
Melt
1,000
CO2/SO2 (molar)
mod. from: Scaillet and Pichavant, 2005
Volcanic gases are the only direct
and real-time chemical probes
of the magma at depth
Photo: M. Zelinski
DCO – Deep Carbon Observatory
MultiGAS (Aiuppa et al., 2005) Network
initiated in 2012 through collaborative
international team.
Measures gas composition
in volcanic plumes
MASAYA
VIllarrica
photos from: A. Aiuppa
Permanent gas monitoring network
multiGAS for CO2, SO2, H2O in plume
USGS
UNM (planned 2016)
GNS/others
map and photos modified from: A. Aiuppa
Villarrica
MultiGas (Nov 2014)
Open-vent persistently degassing volcano with active lava lake
transition to vigorous strombolian to lava fountaining activity in
February to March 2015 (after an escalation of seismicity)
February – March 2015
November 2014
map and photos from: A. Aiuppa
Permanent gas monitoring network:
Scanning DOAS for continuous measurements of SO2 emissions
NOVAC/MultiGAS sites since 2014
from: B. Galle and S. Arellano
Permanent continuous volcanic gas monitoring is
still in its infancy (compared to seismic, GPS)
Technological advances are needed and costs
need to decrease (sensors, isotopes, cameras,
drones)
Open-path FTIR
1 Hz time resolution
many gas species
from: Tehnuka Ilanko, UNM
Need to instrument most/all degassing volcanoes in
an arc to make real science progress.
Rapid response capabilities and instrument pool
Integration with Satellite measurements and
rapid availability of data and data streams is needed
Integration with petrological and eruption data –
better degassing models, thermodynamics,
experiments is needed
Quantify Gas Sources
Mass and Flux of Magma
Gas flux and
composition
Shallow
Lava lake
intermediate
Petrological Data
Thermodynamic
Modeling
phonolitic
Deep
degassing
basanite
Iacovino (2015) for Erebus
Need to instrument all degassing volcanoes in
an arc to make real science progress
Integration with Satellite measurements and
rapid availability of data and data streams to
investigators
Integration with petrological and eruption data –
better degassing models, experiments
Integration with deformation (local/regional)
2004
2005-2007
2008
2009-2011
Need to instrument all degassing volcanoes in
an arc to make real science progress
Integration with Satellite measurements and
rapid availability of data and data streams to
investigators
Alutu Volcano
Kilauea Volcano
Hutchison et al. 2016
Poland et al. 2012
Integration with
seismic
(local/regional)
MSH node array that recorded continuously for
2 weeks, and locations of earthquakes during
those 2 weeks (B. Schmandt and colleagues)
and infrasound
5 km
Thank you
Masaya, Nicaragua – open vent. Lava Lake in mid 2015