Transcript (constructive, destructive and conservative) that lead to earthquake

What are the arrows showing?
Key idea: Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are the result of
physical processes
• Plate Tectonics theory
• Global distribution of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
and their relationship to plate margins.
• Physical processes taking place at different types of plate
margin (constructive, destructive and conservative) that
lead to earthquake and volcanic activity.
Physical processes taking place at different types of
plate margin (constructive, destructive and conservative)
that lead to earthquake and volcanic activity.
Up to 4: Name the plate margins and offer a basic description of some
activity at plate margins .
5/6: Describe and begin to explain the physical processes taking place
at all 3 plate margins with accuracy and increasing detail.
7+: Describe and explain the physical processes taking place at all 3
plate margins with accuracy and detail.
Physical processes taking place at different types of
plate margin (constructive, destructive and conservative)
that lead to earthquake and volcanic activity
There are 3 main types of plate margin
The Destroyer
Destructive margins are where two plates are _______________
each other e.g. along the west coast of south America. Where an
oceanic plate meets a continental plate, the denser __________
plate is _________________ into the mantle and
___________________. This often creates _______________
and ________________ (very deep sections of the ocean floor
where the oceanic plate goes down). Where two continental plates
meet, the plates collide and the ground is ___________ and
_____________ to create mountain ranges.
volcanoes
moving towards
folded
oceanic
ocean trenches
destroyed
forced down
forced upwards
The Builder
Constructive margins are where two plates are
______________ from each other, e.g. at the mid-Atlantic
ridge. ___________ (molten rock) ____________ from
the mantle to fill the gap and cools to
___________________________.
Magma
create new crust
rises
moving away
The Conserver
Conservative margins are where two plates are moving
____________ past each other, or are moving in the same
direction but at different _________ e.g. along the west
coast of the USA. Crust isn’t __________ or __________.
created
destroyed
sideways
speeds
What do these 4 have in common?
When a volcano erupts it emits lava and gases. Some volcanoes
emit lots of ash which can cover land, block out the sun and form
pyroclastic flows (super heated gas, ash and rock).
Y
Z
X
Two oceanic plates move away from each other. X
Magma rises up into the gap created by the plates. This allows a
volcano to form. Z
Repeated eruptions build the volcano up. Y
E
C
B
D
F
A
Dense oceanic plate goes under the continental plate. B
Oceanic plate moves into the mantle, melts and is destroyed. F
This forms magma in a magma chamber. A
Magma rises through cracks in the continental crust. These
cracks are called vents. D
The magma erupts to the surface as lava, forming a volcano. E
Repeated eruptions build the volcano up. C
Earthquake
An earthquake is a tremor felt in the ground.
Plates can get stuck against each other.
When they become unstuck they cause earthquakes.
Tension builds up when
plates grinding past
each other get stuck.
Tension builds up
when one plate gets
stuck as is subducts
down into the mantle
Tension builds along
cracks within the
plates as they move
away from each other
Literacy In
Geography
All the words below are important for explaining
how earthquakes happen at plate boundaries.
You should try to include as many as you can in an exam answer.
stuck
snap
energy
friction
pressure
release
move
shockwaves
plates
The Richter Scale or
Earthquake Magnitude Scale
Measures the magnitude
(strength) of an earthquake
by the energy released using
the seismometer. Many people
think that 10 is the highest,
but this scale is actually openended. The highest recorded
earthquakes have not yet
exceeded 10.
The seismogram
This is a print-out of a seismogram after an earthquake
has happened.
Seismogram Scenarios
Where would each event be most likely to happen on the seismogram?
A brick bounces off Dave's head
Paul takes cover underneath a table
Jim pours himself a nice cold beer before sitting down to
watch the match
Leanne and Taylor jump out of their seats
Kelly dials 999
When you've done them, make up 3 of your own.
Is there a relationship between magnitude & number of earthquakes?
Physical processes taking place at different types of
plate margin (constructive, destructive and conservative)
that lead to earthquake and volcanic activity
Match the type of plate boundary
to the correct description (3)
Oceanic crust is forced down.
Volcanoes and ocean trenches are created.
Plates move past each other.
Nothing is created or destroyed.
Plates move away from each other.
Magma fills gap. Volcanoes are created.
Conservative
Destructive
Constructive
Point
Marked
With the aid of an annotated diagram, outline the
characteristics of a destructive margin (4)
L1 1-2 marks: Random events
L2 3-4 marks: Idea of a sequence of events
Level
Marked
Compare the characteristics and features of a
conservative margin with those of a constructive margin.(6)
L1 1-2 marks: Characteristics or features described
L2 3-4 marks: Characteristics and features described
L3 5-6 marks: Characteristics and features compared
Level
Marked
Plenary
3 types of plate margins
2 plate margins where volcanoes are formed
1 plate margin where only earthquakes happen
Key idea: Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are the result of
physical processes
• Plate Tectonics theory
• Global distribution of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
and their relationship to plate margins.
• Physical processes taking place at different types of plate
margin (constructive, destructive and conservative) that
lead to earthquake and volcanic activity.