Transcript Review - Science

Review
Earth Systems
Dustbowl
…a period of severe dust
storms the 1930s. The
phenomenon was caused by
severe drought combined
with poor farming
techniques. Grasses in the
American prairie were lost ,
and there was nothing to
hold soil in place.
During the drought of the
1930s, without natural
anchors to keep the soil in
place, it dried, turned
to dust, and blew away with
the prevailing winds.
http://commons.wikimedia.org
Describe an interaction
between two systems
during the dustbowl.
Dustbowl
The hydrosphere and the geosphere interacted.
The lack of water caused the drying out of soil.
The biosphere and geosphere interacted. The
dying of plants allowed the soil to blow away.
Earth Systems
The
__________???_________
is composed of all of the
water on or near the earth.
This includes the oceans,
rivers, lakes, and even the
moisture in the air. Ninetyseven percent of the earth's
water is in the oceans. The
remaining three percent is
fresh water; three-quarters
of the fresh water is solid
and exists in ice sheets.
http://serc.carleton.edu
Hydrosphere
Mt. Saint Helen’s
…an active volcano in
Washington state. It is most
notorious for its catastrophic
eruption on May 18, 1980. Fiftyseven people were killed during
the eruption.
A massive landslide triggered by
an earthquake measuring 5.1 on
the Richter scale caused an
eruption that reduced the
elevation of the mountain's
summit from (2,950 m) to
(2,550 m), replacing it with a 1
mile (1.6 km) wide horseshoeshaped crater.
What was the interaction
between the geosphere and
biosphere in this event?
http://en.wikipedia.org
Mt. St. Helen’s
• The eruption of the volcano was an event in
the geosphere, it caused the destruction of
many trees in the biosphere.
Mt. Saint Helen’s
The volcano released a
large amount of dust
and ash into the
atmosphere. These
particles serve as nuclei
for the formation of
rain drops.
? -> atmosphere -> ?
What systems were
interacting?
http://en.wikipedia.org
Geosphere  atmosphere 
hydrosphere
Mt. Saint Helen’s
Rainfall often increases
following an eruption,
stimulating plant
growth
What systems are
interacting?
http://en.wikipedia.org
Hydrosphere & biosphere
Mt. Saint Helen’s
Volcanoes may release
a substantial amount of
hot lava, which causes
mountain glaciers to
melt.
What systems are
interacting?
http://en.wikipedia.org
Geosphere (lava) and hydrosphere
(glacier)
Earth Systems
The
_______???________
is the solid, rocky crust
covering entire planet.
This crust is inorganic
and is composed of
minerals. It covers the
entire surface of the
earth from the top of
Mount Everest to the
bottom of the
Mariana Trench.
http://serc.carleton.edu
Geosphere
Chernobyl
… was a catastrophic nuclear
accident that occurred on 26 April
1986 in Ukraine. An explosion and fire
released large quantities of radioactive
particles into the atmosphere, which
spread over much of the western USSR
and Europe.
Contamination from the Chernobyl
accident was scattered irregularly
depending on weather conditions, much
of it deposited on mountainous regions
such as the Alps, the Welsh mountains
and the Scottish Highlands where
radioactive rainfall occurred.
What Earth system interaction played a
large part in the movement of the
contamination?
http://www.npr.org
The atmosphere carried the
contamination to other parts of the
world.
Earth Systems
The
__________???__________
is composed of all living
organisms. Plants, animals,
and one-celled organisms
are all part of the
biosphere. Most of the
planet's life is found from
three meters below the
ground to thirty meters
above it and in the top 200
meters of the oceans and
seas.
http://serc.carleton.edu
Biosphere
Hurricane Sandy
…the deadliest and most destructive hurricane of
the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season.
Sandy developed from a storm in the Caribbean
Sea on October 22, quickly strengthened, and
was upgraded to Tropical Storm Sandy six hours
later. Sandy moved slowly northward toward
the Greater Antilles and gradually intensified. On
October 24, Sandy became a hurricane, made
landfall near Jamaica, re-emerged a few hours
later into the Caribbean Sea and strengthened
into a Category 2 hurricane. On October 25,
Sandy hit Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane, then
weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on
October 26, Sandy moved through the Bahamas.
On October 27, Sandy briefly weakened to a
tropical storm and then re-strengthened to a
Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 29, Sandy
curved north-northwest and then moved ashore
in New Jersey with hurricane-force winds.
How might this event have affected the
Geosphere?
http://commons.wikimedia.org
The storm may have washed away
parts of coastlines and deposited
soil and sand in other places.
Arizona
Haboob
… a type of intense dust
storm carried through the
atmosphere.
It blows dry, loose silt and
clay up from the desert,
creating a wall of
sediment .
They occur during
thunderstorm formation.
What two systems are
interacting during a
haboob?
http://commons.wikimedia.org
The air in the atmosphere carries
soil and dust from the geosphere
across the desert.
San Antonio
Floods
Flash floods can occur
under several types of
conditions. Flash flooding
occurs when rainfalls
rapidly on saturated soil or
dry soil that does not
absorb water easily.
The temporary availability
of water is often used by
plants with rapid
germination and short
growth cycles.
Describe an interaction
between this event and
the biosphere.
http://commons.wikimedia.org
Flooding may cause the uprooting
of trees and plants.
West Chemical
Plant Explosion
On Oct. 3, 2011, workers were mixing
chemicals to make a product used in
the wastewater treatment industry.
Magnablend began working with this
product in August 2011 and prior to
the fire had made 16 small batches of
500 gallons each. The day of the fire a
large 2,500-gallon batch of product
was made.
This large batch produced a greater
amount of what was thought to be
steam coming out of the blender and
overwhelmed the ventilation system.
If the amount of chemicals increase,
then the amount of steam will
increase.
What is the independent variable in
this hypothesis?
http://www.nbcdfw.com
IV = amount of chemicals
2004 Indian Ocean
Earthquake and Tsunami
…an undersea earthquake off the coast of
Indonesia. it is the third largest earthquake ever
recorded on a seismograph. It caused the entire
planet to vibrate as much as 1 cm and triggered other
earthquakes as far away as Alaska.
The sea floor is estimated to have risen by several
meters, displacing an estimated 30 cubic kilometers of
water and triggering devastating tsunami waves.
Anthropologists had initially expected the aboriginal
population of the Andaman Islands to be badly
affected by the tsunami and even feared the already
depopulated Onge tribe could have been wiped
out. Many of the aboriginal tribes evacuated and
suffered few casualties. Oral traditions developed
from previous earthquakes helped the aboriginal
tribes escape the tsunami. For example, the folklore
of the Onges talks of "huge shaking of ground
followed by high wall of water". Almost all of the
Onge People seemed to have survived the tsunami.
The Onge People are part of what Earth system?
earthobservatory.nasa.gov
Biosphere
2004 Indian Ocean
Earthquake and Tsunami
…an undersea earthquake off the coast of
Indonesia. It is the third largest
earthquake ever recorded on
a seismograph. It caused the entire planet
to vibrate as much as 1 cm and triggered
other earthquakes as far away as Alaska.
The sea floor is estimated to have risen by
several meters, displacing an estimated
30 cubic kilometers of water and
triggering devastating tsunami waves.
earthobservatory.nasa.gov
In these events, the Geosphere impacted
which Earth system?
Hydrosphere
Earth Systems
The _______???_______
is the body of air which
surrounds our planet. Most
of our atmosphere is
located close to the earth's
surface where it is most
dense. The air of our planet
is 79% nitrogen and just
under 21% oxygen; the
small amount remaining is
composed of carbon
dioxide and other gasses.
http://serc.carleton.edu
Atmosphere
Japanese
Earthquake
On March 11, 2012 an
earthquake hit
northeastern Japan,
spawning an incredibly
destructive tsunami and
crippled the Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear power
plant.
Newer buildings have less
damage from earthquakes
than older buildings.
What is the dependent
variable in this statement?
http://commons.wikimedia.org
Amount of damage to buildings
West Chemical
Plant Explosion
On Oct. 3, 2011, workers were
mixing chemicals to make a product
used in the wastewater treatment
industry. Magnablend began working
with this product in August 2011 and
prior to the fire had made 16 small
batches of 500 gallons each. The day
of the fire a large 2,500-gallon batch
of product was made.
This large batch produced a greater
amount of what was thought to be
steam coming out of the blender
and overwhelmed the ventilation
system.
Officials said there were definitely
contaminants in the air.
What Earth system was impacted by
this event?
http://www.nbcdfw.com
Atmosphere
Earth Systems
What is the
predominant
Earth system
shown in this
photograph?
http://commons.wikimedia.org
Geosphere (mountains)
Earth Systems
What evidence
do you see of
interacting
systems in this
photograph?
http://commons.wikimedia.org
Plants (biosphere) are growing in
the rock (geosphere)
California
Wildfires
…an uncontrolled fire in an
area of combustible
vegetation.
On a yearly basis in the
United States, typically more
than six times the number of
wildfires are caused by
human means such as
campfires and controlled
agricultural burns than by
natural means.
How does this event impact
the atmosphere?
http://en.wikipedia.org
The fire put a great deal of smoke
and ash into the atmosphere.
Earth Systems
There are at
least TWO Earth
Systems shown
in this
photograph.
Name them.
http://commons.wikimedia.org
Hydrosphere & biosphere.
Earth Systems
What is the
predominant
Earth System in
this photograph?
http://commons.wikimedia.org
Geosphere