Transcript Billie Jean The 4 Spheres Lithosphere Plate tectonics - Art

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Lithosphere- includes the crust and the
uppermost part of the upper mantle.
Volcanism- Volcanoes form along belts, and the
vast majority of these belts are along the
boundaries between Earth's major tectonic
plates. Magma is generated by the Lithosphere
to form volcanoes.
Plate tectonics- rely on a concept of the
lithosphere. The Earth is always moving, it is
driven by forces deep inside the core. The
planet’s crust is not in one piece, but composed
of many plates moving in relation to one
another.
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Continental Drift- if you study Africa's West Coast
and America’s South Coast they fit together like a
jigsaw puzzle. In the early twentieth century two
scientists had a theory that the continents were once
joined together.
Plates interact by moving towards each other,
(convergence) away from each other, (divergence) or
past each other. (transform motion.) Convergence
usually works together with subduction, meaning
that one plate is forced down into the mantle and is
partially melted.
Because the lithosphere is rigid, it cannot go any
deeper than the mantle does. Heat then has to pass
through it mainly by conduction, which is a less
effective than convection.
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Water Cycle- is the continuous movement of
water on, under, and above Earth. The cycle
consists the exchange of heat energy which
leads to the changing of temperature.
The Hydrosphere is the main portion of water.
It consists of lakes, oceans, seas, rivers, and any
body of water. Water is Liquid.
The hydrosphere effects everything in life. The
Water Cycle consist of the ocean water storage,
evaporation, condensation,
evapotranspiration, precipitation, runoff, and
ground water. These are all what make up the
Water Cycle.
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The hydrosphere, like the atmosphere, is
always in motion. The motion of rivers
and streams can be easily seen, while the
motion of the water within lakes and
ponds is less obvious.
Hydrosphere- a layer of water at or near
the Earth’s surface. It includes all liquid
and frozen surface waters, groundwater
held in soil and rock, atmospheric water
vapor.
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Atmosphere- is the air that surrounds the
Earth. It is always in motion and
constantly changing, held in its place by
the Earth's gravity.
There are three gasses gases in the
atmosphere. They are Nitrogen, oxygen,
and argon.
The atmosphere is responsible for the all
weather.
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As we move upward in the atmosphere, the
weight of the air upon us should decrease
because there is less air above us. Therefore, air
pressure decreases with increasing height.
Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere,
Thermosphere, and the Exosphere are the
layers of the atmosphere.
The atmosphere, a thin shell of gases
surrounding the Earth, is a very effective
protecting shield that reflects and absorbs
harmful radiation and objects like meteorites.
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The biosphere is all living organisms.
The biosphere is the one place where all of the
other spheres of the planet work together.
The biosphere is all about life. Physical
geographers use the term biosphere to describe
our living world. This is where all of the trees,
bugs, and animals live. The biosphere extends
to the upper areas of the atmosphere where
birds and insects can be found. It also reaches
deep into the ground at a dark cave or to the
bottom of the ocean.
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Many factors affect the biosphere and our life
here on Earth. There are large factors such as
the distance between the Earth and the Sun. If
our planet were closer to the Sun, it might be
too hot to support life.
The biosphere has evolved since the first
single-celled organisms originated 3.5 billion
years ago under atmospheric conditions
resembling those of our neighboring planets
Mars and Venus, which have atmospheres
composed primarily of carbon dioxide.
As a result of long-term interactions between
the biosphere and the other earth systems,
there is almost no part of the earth's surface
that has not been altered by living organisms.
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All the spheres interact with other spheres. For
example, rain (hydrosphere) falls from clouds
in the atmosphere to the lithosphere and forms
streams and rivers that provide drinking water
for wildlife and humans as well as water for
plant growth (biosphere). River action erodes
banks(lithosphere) and uproots plants
(biosphere) on the riverbanks. Flooding rivers
wash away soil.
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Waves erode the cliffs causing upper portions
of rock to collapse. Wave action carries sand
that polishes rocks on the beach. Water
evaporates from the ocean into atmosphere.
Water vapor forms clouds. Clouds produce
rain. Rainwater needed for plant growth. Plant
roots stabilize the soil. Vegetation takes up
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
releases oxygen. Vegetation adds nutrients to
the soil. The ocean is a habitat for plants, fish,
birds and mammals. Wind generates waves.
Wind may blow away soil in exposed locations.
Oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere. Wave action adds oxygen to
water, needed by aquatic plants and animals.