Transcript NONRENEWABLE AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES !

NONRENEWABLE
AND
RENEWABLE
RESOURCES
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES
A nonrenewable resource is a natural
resource that cannot be re-made or
re-grown at a scale comparable to its
consumption.
Examples of non-renewable
resources:
Nuclear energy
Coal
Petroleum
Natural gas
Nonrenewable energy resources removed from
the earth’s crust include: oil, natural gas, coal,
and uranium
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NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear fission uses
uranium to create
energy.
Nuclear energy is a
nonrenewable
resource because once
the uranium is used, it
is gone!
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Three Mile Island
• March 29, 1979, a reactor near Harrisburg, PA lost
coolant water because of mechanical and human
errors and suffered a partial meltdown
• 50,000 people evacuated & another 50,000 fled
area
• Unknown amounts of radioactive materials
released
• Partial cleanup & damages cost $1.2 billion
• Released radiation increased cancer rates.
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Chernobyl
• April 26, 1986, reactor explosion (Ukraine) flung
radioactive debris into atmosphere
• Health ministry reported 3,576 deaths
• Green Peace estimates32,000 deaths;
• About 400,000 people were forced to leave their
homes
• ~160,000 sq km (62,00 sq mi) contaminated
• > Half million people exposed to dangerous levels of
radioactivity
• Cost of incident > $358 billion
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Effects of
Chernobyl nuclear
disaster
Fukushima disaster – Japan, March 2011
before
Earthquake, followed by tsunami –
subsequent loss of power to cool reactors,
plus fire at plant
COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS
Coal, petroleum, and natural
gas are considered
nonrenewable because they can
not be replenished in a short
period of time. These are called
fossil fuels. They are made of
hydrocarbons.
•
Oil and natural gas can
provide three times as much
energy as an equal mass of wood
HOW IS COAL MADE ???
Advantages and Disadvantages of Coal
Pros
• Most abundant fossil fuel
• Relatively cheap
• Major U.S. reserves – contributes to energy independence
• 300 yrs. at current consumption rates
• High net energy yield
• Can be burned directly to produce a lot of heat in a stove, train engine
or factory
Cons
• Dirtiest fuel (produces particulate matter, carbon dioxide and sulfur
dioxide)
• Mining causes major environmental degradation
• Major threat to health
© Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP
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Natural gas
• Natural gas is a mixture of methane and
other gases.
• Used to produce electricity, heat homes
and water, Industry (heat for warmth and
producing things), Vehicles, cooking
• Advantages: produces large amounts of
energy but lower levels of many air
pollutants than coal or oil, easy to
transport
• Disadvantage: highly flammable
Oil/Petroleum
• Deposits of crude oil often are
trapped within the earth's crust and
can be extracted by drilling a well
• Used in industry to power machinery
and in transportation
HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???
Info for Oil:
Infrastructure
already in
place
Risk of
spills
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HMMMM....
If nonrenewable
resources are resources
that cannot be re-made
at a scale comparable
to its consumption,
what are renewable
resources?
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are
natural resources that can be
replenished in a short period
of time.
● Solar ● Geothermal
● Wind ● Biomass
● Water
SOLAR
Energy from the
sun.
Why is energy
from the sun
renewable?
GEOTHERMAL
Energy from Earth’s
heat.
Advantage: unlimited
source of cheap energy.
Disadvantage: There are
only a few places where
magma comes close to
Earth’s surface. Elsewhere,
very deep wells are needed
to tap this energy and that
is expensive.
WIND
Energy from
the wind.
Why is energy
from the wind
renewable?
BIOMASS
Energy from
burning organic
or living matter.
Examples include:
Wood, leaves, food
wastes, and manure.
WATER or HYDROELECTRIC
Energy from the
flow of water.
Why is energy of
flowing water
renewable?
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency – the amount of useful energy
produced compared to the amount wasted as heat;
built into the device or system, unavoidable waste
Examples of levels of energy efficiency:
human body:
20-25%
incandescent lightbulb:
5%
internal combustion engine:
20-25%
steam turbine:
45%
Energy Conservation
Energy conservation –
making an effort to reduce
the amount of energy
used… some waste can be
avoided
Use of energy resources in the U.S.
U.S. has 4.6% of world population; uses 24% of the
world’s energy
SUMMARY
What are the
differences
between
nonrenewable and
renewable
resources?