Transcript Earth Science Review

Earth Science Review
Will you be ready or will I see you in
September?? again
Things to bring!!!
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Pen
2 sharpened pencils
Calculator
Your Brain!
Things not to Bring!!!!
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Cell Phones
ipods, hpods, mp3 players etc…
Bad attitudes
Laziness
Study
• You are not through with this class until after
exams, and then again, maybe not
• 20 to 30 minutes a night
Facts to Remember
• Glaciers create U-shaped valleys
Rivers= V-shaped valleys
When the sun is highest in the sky,
your shadow is shortest (noon/June
21st)
Solar Eclipse occurs when moon blocks
out the sun as seen from Earth (New
moon phase)
Water has a high Specific Heat
• Which means it takes a long time and energy
to increase temperature, but it also takes a
long time to cool down
Water’s Specific Heat is the reason
why……
• Marine Climate (AREAS BY LARGE BODIES OF
WATER)
– Are cooler in the summer and warmer in the
winter
• Small temperature range
Lunar Eclipse
• May happen during the full moon phase when
the Earth casts a shadow on the moon
Be Prepared, Don’t let the Earth
Science Exam be a “Heart Breaker”!
High Pressure Systems
• Spin Clockwise and out from center/ sinking
air
• Clear, cool weather
• No rain or precipitation
Dirt is a dirty word!!
• Soil takes a long time to develop, however soil
is created quicker in warm humid climates
Soil is made of
organic materials
(humus) and pieces
of weathered rock
Air Pressure decreases as altitude
increases!
Low Pressure Systems
• Spin Counterclockwise and in towards center
• Storms/Bad weather rain / Rising Air
mT
The Closer air temp. is to dewpoint.
Temp. the greater the chance for rain
• High humidity as well
76
Convert air pressure less
than 500 add a 10 in
front more than 500 add
a 9 in front, and last
number is made a
Angle of Insolation & Seasons
NYS longest duration
of Insolation on June
21st (summer Solstice)
Shortest Dec 21st
(winter solstice)
12 hrs. of day & night
on March 21st & Sept
21st (equinox)
Earthquakes & Volcanoes occur at
Plate Boundaries
San Andres Fault
Ring of Fire
Metamorphism (heat and/or pressure)
As Heat & pressure are increased the rock will change
Shale
changes to
Slate
Slate
changes
to Phyllite
Phyllite
changes
to Schist
Schist
changes to
Gneiss
If life gives you schist, make gneiss of it!
Outside Curve Faster (erosion)
Inside Curve Slower (deposition)
Sandbar –
depositional feature
Cutbank –
erosional feature
Cold Dry Air Comes From Canada
(Just like Justin Bieber)
Responsible
for cold fronts
cP – continental Polar
Convergent Boundary – ocean crust
(dense) meets continental (less dense)
Volcanoes
Melting
Ocean Trench
Subduction
Convection Currents in the Upper
Mantle cause Plate Movement
Redlines – new crust Yellow lines – older crust
Midocean
Ridge
Contour Lines
Highest Possible Elevation of x = 69
When close together contour lines
indicates a steep slope
When far apart, contour lines
indicate a gentle slope
The of profile hills are rounded off,
but do not touch the next contour line
Water Expands When it Freezes
Responsible for a lot of weathering in cold moist
climate like NYS (potholes)
Planetary Winds Belts
Winds do not
move straight
because of the
Coriolis Effect
Low Pressure
Dry
Wet
NYS is affected
by the South
West winds.
That’s why our
weather
usually moves
in that
direction.
Horizontal Sorting – larger particles get
deposited first, then smaller ones
when a stream meets a lake or ocean
Ocean Tides
Spring
Tides (really
high and
low tides)
Neap Tides
(not so
high and
low tides)
Internal Arrangement of a mineral’s
atoms are responsible for hardness,
cleavage and streak.
The altitude of Polaris above the
horizon equals degrees North latitude!
Groundwater
Zone of Aeration –
pore spaces between
particles are filled w/
air
Zone of Saturation –
pore spaces are filled
with water
Water Table
Capillaritywhen water
goes up (small
particles)l
Mid-Atlantic Ridge Divergent Boundary
Time Zones 15 Degrees of Longitude
Add 1 hr. for
every 15
degrees East
Subtract 1 hr.
for every 15
degrees West
Latitude and Longitude
B= 25 S 55 W
D= 60 N 60 E
Latitude Here = 66.5 Degrees North
Summer Solstice June 21st- N.
Hemisphere Tilted Towards Sun
Direct Rays @
23.5 N – Tropic
of Cancer
Sun’s Path Across the Sky
Summer
Path
Fall / Spring
Path
Winter Path
Older Rock Layers are at the Bottom
Sequence of
Rock Layers –
C, B, A, D
D- igneous
intrusion
happened last
since it goes
through all
layers
Igneous Intrusion
would scorch A
sandstone into
quartzite
B shale into slate
Limestone into marble
Seasons
Spring March 21st
Summer June 21st
Winter Dec 21st
Fall Sept 21st
Equinox –March 21st & Sept. 21st
Direct Rays
fall on the
equator
twice a
year.
Everywhere
on Earth
gets 12 hr.
of day &
night.
Precambrain Time is as old school as
Rob Base
88% of Earth’s 4.6 Billion year
Existance
Precambrian Time
Humans on Earth
Incoming Insolation
in the form shortwave Ultraviolet
radiation (strong &
gets through)
Infrared
radiation –
long waves and
weaker
Seasons are opposite in Southern
Hemisphere
Winter in S.
Hemisphere
Summer in S.
Hemisphere
Weather Instruments
Psychrometer - humidity
Barometer – Air
Pressure
Anemometer – wind
speed
Thermometer - temperature
Glaciers leave behind unsorted
sediments (mixture of sizes)
Close isobars on weather indicate fast
wind speed
Windy
Revolution vs. Rotation
15 degrees per hour
1 degree per
day
More Water in Stream means faster
Velocity (speed)
Rivers flow opposite way contour lines
bend
Stream
flows in a
SE
direction
here
Remember these facts and I have a
good feeling that you can pass!
Convection cells in Asthenosphere Cause
the Movement of Plate Tectonics
Ocean Crust is Mafic & Continental
Crust is Felsic
• Mafic Basalt
• Felsic Granite
Redshift = Expanding Universe
Gases from Volcanoes Made up the
Earth’s 1st Atmosphere
• Poisonous and smelly (fart)
Then simple ocean living
organisms(bacteria) released oxygen into
atmosphere over billions of years
Dark, rough surfaces absorb insolation
fast while light, smooth surfaces
reflect insolation
Adirondack Mountains are made of
metamorphic rocks
• Heat and
pressure from
when
N. America
Crashed into
Africa (long ago)
During Heavy Rains
• Water does not
infiltrate ground, but
becomes runoff
Impermeable Surfaces
• Like roads,
do not allow water
to soak in
Clay soils are also
impermeable
Index Fossils –Lived everywhere/short time
Seabreeze
LOW
High
Hey Look, at one time places like NYS
were close to equator
• That’s why we have limestone & coral fossils in
NYS
• PA has coal
Clouds form by rising air cooling &
condensing
• Dewpoint Temp.
is reached
Listen up!!
Don’t be worthless and weak!!!
You need to
be
prepared!
Knowing about
rocks is cool!
Especially cobble!
Hey, I didn’t write the exam.
• Actually I don’t like the exam, but “WE HAVE
TO DEAL WITH IT”
• So these test taking tips will help
Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
• Read the question and try to answer before
looking at the choices
Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
• Read the question and try to answer before
looking at the choices
Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
• Eliminate obvious distracters
Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
• Just because a choice may have some truth, it
does not mean that it answers the question
Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
Also…
• Read all choices before answering a
question
• Skip over hard questions for later
• Information in one part of the test may be
helpful in other parts
• Do not leave any answers blank -- if all else
fails, guess
Constructed Response Questions
• Contains multiple parts and/or steps
• Requires you to develop your own response
• Included on the exam to:
– assess your understanding rather than your
memorization
– demonstrate your ability to solve problems and
integrate data
– display your knowledge of skills such as graphing,
calculating, and drawing isolines and profiles
Tips for Constructed Response Questions
• Know what will be expected of you
• Always include units in your answers
• Use your answer sheet for clues on how to
answer questions
Constructed Response – Practice 1
Constructed Response – Practice 1
B
A
C
Constructed Response – Practice 1
The water velocity decreases; or
The particles slow down and are deposited
Don’t Stress Dr. M out and Listen!!!
Remember!
• School does not end until you pass the exam
Pass or Fail
It’s up to you!
?
Pass
Fail
It’s not magic, you must be
prepared and ready
Be Ready!
• Study a little bit each day right up to exam
Take Your Time On Exam
• You have three hours, use it
• Do not rush just to join your friends for lunch
etc…
Have a Positive Attitude
• Be calm, not all hyped up right before exam
• Don’t get lazy, use reference tables to look up
answers
Use Test Taking Skills
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Eliminate dumb choices
Do not leave blanks
Read all directions
Read all parts to each question
Be Prepared
• 2 pencils
• Pen
• calculator
Feel Good!
• Bring a sweatshirt/hoody, it may be cold, and
they make good pillows after you finish
• Eat lunch before exam
– It is difficult to concentrate when you are hungry
• Get a good nights sleep
– Do not play video games etc… until 3am
NO CELL PHONES
Earth Science Exam
No Laziness Allowed!!!!
HOPEFULLY I DO NOT SEE YOU IN
EARTH SCIENCE CLASS AGAIN.
– Hopefully just in the hallways
Shout out to Bubbles Calcite
.