Transcript 51.

51.
•
Which one of the following is not a noble gas?
A. Helium
B. Neon
C. Oxygen
D. Krypton
52.
•
What do we call atoms of the same element
that have the same number of protons, but
different numbers of neutrons?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Isotopes
Compounds
Ions
Elements
53.
•
Aluminum has an atomic number of 13 and
an atomic mass of 27. How many neutrons
does it have?
A.
B.
C.
D.
13
14
15
30
54.
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Earth’s surface is constantly changing, as
volcanoes erupt and form new crust and
earthquakes cause old crust to bend and
crack. Where do most of Earth’s earthquakes
and volcanoes occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Along plate boundaries
Along hot spots in oceanic crust
At the equator
At the center of continental plates
55.
•
An earthquake causes metamorphic rock
deep inside a mountain to be pushed up to
the mountain’s surface. What type of rock
will the metamorphic rock most likely
transform into next?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Volcanic rock
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
56.
•
In an exothermic reaction, ______________.
A. Energy is conserved
B. The formation of bonds in the product releases
more energy than is required to break the bonds
in the reactants
C. Energy is released as bonds form
D. All of the above
57.
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A + B → AB is an example of a ___________
reaction.
A. Synthesis
B. Decomposition
C. Single-displacement
D. Double-displacement
58.
•
Why do lithospheric plates move constantly?
A. volcanic activity
B. tidal drift
C. lunar gravity
D. mantle movements
59.
•
Which of the following occurs when Earth’s
crust shifts?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tornado
Eclipse
Ocean tide
Earthquake
60.
•
What does Alfred Wegener’s theory of
continental drift state?
A. Continents can drift apart from one another and
have done so in the past.
B. Continents are constantly breaking apart and
growing in number.
C. Continents float on the oceans as they drift
around the globe.
D. Continents are in the same position they were
when the Earth first formed.
61.
•
If old mountains wear down over the course
of millions of years, what is one of the
primary reasons that mountains still exist?
A. New mountains are created through city
development.
B. New mountains are created from leaf litter.
C. New mountains are created from decomposition
of trees.
D. New mountains are created through volcanic
activity.
62.
•
What causes geographic events such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the
creation of mountains?
A.
B.
C.
D.
atmospheric pressure
lithospheric plate movement
position of the planets
ocean tides
63.
•
Which of the following is an example of
erosion?
A. During a drought, a pond dries up and all the
fish die.
B. Cold temperatures freeze the surface of a pond.
C. The wind blowing the topsoil from a freshly
plowed piece of land.
D. In fall, leaves change colors from green to
orange.
64.
•
Which of the following is an example of a
physical property?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Combustibility
Reactivity
phase of matter
acidity
65.
•
Which of the following items best embodies the
physical property of conductivity?
A. A diamond that is not easily scratched.
B. A copper penny that easily transmits electricity.
C. A teak log that has a large amount of mass for its
volume.
D. A white cotton shirt that reflects all wavelengths
of light.
66.
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If you add a little salt (NaCl) to water, it will
conduct electricity. To increase the
conductivity even further, you could
A.
B.
C.
D.
add more salt to the water.
double the amount of salt and water.
add less salt to the water.
add more water.
67.
•
What is the chemical formula for Iron (III)
oxide?
A.
B.
C.
D.
FeO
Fe2O3
Fe3O2
FeO2
68.
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If a scoop of rainbow striped chocolate chip
ice cream melts in its dish before being
eaten, which physical property is most likely
to remain unchanged?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Concentration
Color
Density
Hardness
69.
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It is important to share data from scientific
experiments with others. Which of the
following methods is a valid way to present
collected data?
A. record the data in a private lab journal
B. publish the data in an academic journal
C. give a speech about the data if the data supports
the original hypothesis
D. There is no need to present scientific data
70.
•
Maurice is exerting an upward force holding
a magazine in the palm of his hand. What is
the opposing force in this situation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
magnetism pushing the magazine upward
friction pulling the magazine downward
gravity pulling the magazine downward
the air current pushing the magazine to the left
71.
•
If you were working for the Center for Disease
Control and discovered a new, highly dangerous
pathogen, what information should be presented to
the public that may prevent a widespread epidemic
of the disease?
A. The fatality rate caused by the pathogen.
B. A report of how the pathogen is transmitted from one
organism to another.
C. Pictures showing microscopic images of the pathogen so
they will be familiar with it.
D. A description of the surface receptors found on the
pathogen and the immune response.
72.
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Jackie used a portable electric drill to remove
screws from a broken wooden table. He noticed
that the screws holding the table together were
warm to the touch after being removed from the
wood. What explains this phenomenon?
A. Mechanical energy from the drill was converted into
thermal energy due to friction.
B. Electrical energy from the drill was converted into
chemical energy due to resistance.
C. Thermal energy from the drill was converted into
mechanical energy due to inertia.
D. The process of removing the screw concentrated the
thermal energy that was already present in the wood.
73.
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Some coal-burning power plants install “chemical
scrubbers”. These scrubbers reduce the amount of
sulfur dioxide (SO2) that is released when coal is
burned. How does installation of these scrubbers
benefit the environment?
A. Reduce the amount of acid rain
B. Reduce the amount of coal mined
C. Increase the amount of atmospheric CO2
D. Increase the amount of ground level ozone
74.
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Solid copper wire is a good conductor
because
A. Copper contains no protons.
B. Electrons move easily within the wire.
C. Protons and electrons tend to cluster at opposite
ends of it.
D. Copper contains the same number of protons
and neutrons.
75.
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An aquatic ecologist collects data about the water
quality of an Ohio lake throughout the year. In the
summer, the ecologist shares data with a public
health official from a nearby town. Which data
would a public health official use to determine
whether the water was safe for swimming?
A. The temperature of the surface water
B. The amount of dissolved oxygen in deep water
C. The number of water lilies, N. odorata, growing in the
lake
D. The concentration of E. coli bacteria near the surface of
the lake
76.
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Light travels in air at approximately 3.0 x 108
m/s. When it enters a glass window, this
speed is reduced to about 2.0 x 108 m/s.
When the light re-enters the air, what will
the speed of light be?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.0 x 108 m/s
2.5 x 108 m/s
3.0 x 108 m/s
5.0 x 108 m/s
77.
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Graphite and diamond are both forms of
pure carbon. Graphite is soft and gray while
diamond is hard and transparent. The
physical properties of graphite and diamond
differ due to
A.
B.
C.
D.
The charge of their electrons.
Their average kinetic energy.
The bonds between their atoms.
The number of neutrons in their nuclei.
78.
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A meteorologist describes a tropical storm as
traveling northwest at 50 mi/h. Which
attribute of the storm’s motion has the
meteorologist described?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Force
Acceleration
Velocity
Displacement
79.
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Which of the quantities below represents a
velocity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
25 m/s
10 km/min
15 mi/h eastward
3 mi/h
80.
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A car travels a distance of 210 mi in exactly
4 h. The driver calculates that he traveled
52.5 mi/h. Which of the following terms
most nearly describes his calculations?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Average speed
Instantaneous speed
Instantaneous acceleration
Displacement
81.
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What do we call the tendency of objects to
remain in motion or stay at rest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Speed
Inertia
Acceleration
Newton’s First Law
82.
•
What nuclear reaction fuels the sun?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fallout
Nuclear burnout
83.
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How will the motion of a ball rolling on the
ground change if the ball encounters a
frictional force that opposes its motion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The ball will speed up.
The ball will slow down.
The ball’s speed will not change.
None of the above.
84.
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As a track athlete runs on a gravel track,
there is friction between the althlete’s shoes
and the ground. What would happen if all of
this friction could be removed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The athlete would run faster.
The athlete would run slower.
The athlete would not be able to run.
The athlete would float in the air.
85.
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Which of the following best describes what
will happen when a net force acts on a
moving object?
A. The object will accelerate in the direction of the
net force.
B. The object will accelerate in the direction
opposite to the net force.
C. The object will move with a constant speed.
D. The object will move with a constant velocity.
86.
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Which of the following explains why the
moon orbits Earth?
A. The gravity between the moon and Earth holds
the moon in orbit.
B. The gravity between the moon and the sun
holds the moon in orbit.
C. The motion of Earth around the sun holds the
moon in orbit.
D. The motion of the moon around the sun holds
the moon in orbit.
87.
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Which of the following explains why a
swimmer moves forward in the water?
A. The inertia of the water causes the swimmer to
move forward.
B. The gravity between the swimmer and the water
pulls the swimmer forward.
C. The momentum of the water pushes the
swimmer forward.
D. The swimmer pushes backward on the water,
and water pushes forward on the swimmer.
88.
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Imagine that you are standing while riding in a bus.
When the bus turns to the right, your body starts to
fall toward the left of the bus. What causes your
body to fall?
A. Your body continues to move in a straight line
because of its inertia.
B. Gravity between your body and the bus pulls your
body to the left.
C. Your feet push on the bus, and the reaction force of
the bus pushes you to the left.
D. The weight of your body increases as the bus
accelerates to the right.
89.
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A turtle swimming in a straight line toward
shore has a speed of 0.50 m/s. After 4.0 s,
it’s speed is 0.80 m/s. What is the turtle’s
average acceleration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
0.075 m/s2
1.75 m/s2
0.012 m/s2
1.12 m/s2
90.
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A 1,700 kg car is accelerated at 3.6 m/s2.
What force was needed to produce this
acceleration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
6,120 N
472.2 N
483.2 N
6,078 N
91.
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Newton’s __________ Law of Motion states
that “For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.”
A.
B.
C.
D.
Second
First
Third
Fourth
92.
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Which law of Newton’s states that an object
in motion will stay in motion and an object
at rest will remain at rest, unless acted upon
by an unbalanced force?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
93.
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If the nickel and iron at the Earth’s core were
suddenly replaced with cotton candy, what
would happen to the mass and weight of the
objects on the Earth’s surface?
A. Their mass and weight would both increase.
B. Their mass would stay the same and their
weight would decrease.
C. Their mass would decrease and their weight
would increase.
D. Neither their mass nor weight would change.
94.
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Which of the following energy sources uses
chemical energy to produce electrical
energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A battery
The earth’s core
The sun
A wind turbine
95.
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Which of the following is a true statement?
A. Energy can be destroyed, but not created.
B. The total amount of energy in the universe
changes rapidly.
C. Energy can be created, but not destroyed.
D. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only
changed from one form to another.
96.
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Which of the following correctly describes the
energy conversion that occurs when a light bulb is
turned on?
A. Electrical energy is converted to potential
energy.
B. Electrical energy is converted to light energy and
heat energy.
C. Potential energy is converted to mechanical
energy.
D. Kinetic energy is converted to electrical energy
and light energy.
97.
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Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. How
could you determine how much kinetic
energy an object has?
A.
B.
C.
D.
by finding its position and form
by finding its mass and speed
by finding its height and width
by finding its speed and direction
98.
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Which of the following has potential energy
stored in form of elastic energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A car resting at the top of a hill
An iron nail in a magnetic field
A compressed spring
A rechargeable battery
99.
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A machine cannot
A.
B.
C.
D.
Change the direction of a force.
Multiply or increase a force.
Redistribute work.
Increase the total amount of work done.
100.
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There is a skier at the top of a ski slope. The
skier has potential energy. What gives the
skier his potential energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
his speed
gravity
friction
his efficiency
101.
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Which of the following best demonstrates
kinetic energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A car stopped at a red light
A person holding a pose
A box resting on a table
A ball rolling down a hill
102.
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Potential energy is dependent on
A.
B.
C.
D.
time and weight.
speed and height.
weight and height.
acceleration and kinetic energy.
103.
•
Which of the following types of potential
energy is based on the energy stored within
atoms that is released during chemical
reactions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nuclear energy
Electromagnetic energy
Elastic energy
Chemical energy
104.
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Food is essential to the survival of all
organisms because of its stored ______
potential energy.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Electrical
Gravitational
Nuclear
Chemical
105.
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What is the potential energy of a 90 kg rock
at the top of a 100 m hill?
A.
B.
C.
D.
32,400 Joules
90,000 Joules
88,200 Joules
9,000 Joules
106.
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The type of energy transfer that takes place
between objects in direct contact is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
convection
contraction
conduction
radiation