Transcript Diapositivo 1

Geothermal Resources Development and
Renewable Energy Strategy in the
Azores Islands (Portugal)
João Carlos Nunes*
Workshop on Geothermal Resources and Technologies
Martinique – June.2015
(*) Azores University Assistant Prof. & INOVA Institute Scientific Director
[email protected] / [email protected]
Mainland
G. Silveira et al., 2006 (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 156)
AZORES GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Main tectonic framework of the
Azores Triple Juntion
S. Miguel
Island
Fogo Volcano caldera
Volcanism in The Azores
Archipelago
27 volcanic systems in the Azores
(16 being active) and including:
- 16 polygenetic volcanoes:
- 11 areas of fissural basaltic s.l.
volcanism
... and a total of 1,750 monogenetic volcanoes
scoria cones
domes
tuff cones/rings
maars...
…35 thermal springs at S. Miguel, Terceira, Faial, Graciosa and Flores
Islands … traditionally used for balneotherapy
1811 – “Banhos da Coroa”, Caldeiras da Rib. Grande (S. Miguel Is.)
Termas do Carapacho (Graciosa)
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Volcanology
Geothermal Field in explotation
Volcanological map of São Miguel (Nunes, 2004)
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Ribeira Grande Geothermal Field
Two geothermal power plants
Sete Cidades
Ribeira Grande
geothermal field
Fogo volcanic
complex
Nordeste
Povoação
Ponta Delgada
Furnas
…a total capacity of 23 MWe is installed
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Pico Vermelho Pilot Plant
1973-1980: Surface exploration and exploratory drilling of the Ribeira
Grande Geothermal Field
1980-2005: Exploitation of the pilot plant
Manufacturer: Mitsubishi
Nominal capacity: 3 MW
Steam consumption: 56 t/h @ 5,1 bar.a
Operating results: 84 GWh in 136 k hours
(…no re-injection!)
Pico Vermelho power plant was operated for 25 years and served as
a valuable training school for the technical staff in the operation and
maintenance of the wellfield and generation equipment
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Pico Vermelho Pilot Plant
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
New Pico Vermelho Plant
(2006-2014)
One generation unit,
binary cycle, air-cooled
condensing system
10 MW
Geothermal fluid
provided by five
production wells
PV2
PV3
Re-injection in two AFTER
2015
geothermal wells
(until 2014)
PV4
PV7
Today´s TOTAL installed capacity = 10 MW
PV8
PV5
PV9
PV6
PV10
PV11
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
New Pico Vermelho Plant
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
New Pico Vermelho Plant
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
New Pico Vermelho Plant
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
New Pico Vermelho Plant
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Ribeira Grande Plant
ORC binary system
Phase A (1994)
Phase A
 Installed capacity 2 x 2,5 MW
2
 Geothermal wells CL1 and CL2
X
Phase B
2,5 MW
2
X
4,0 MW
Phase B (1998-2014)
 New installed capacity 2 x 4,0 MW
 Wells CL1, CL2, CL3, CL5, CL6 and CL7
 Re-injection of effluent in well CL4
CL1
CL2
CL3
CL5
CL6
CL7
CL4
Production wells
Today´s TOTAL installed capacity = 13 MW
Re-injection
well
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Ribeira Grande Plant
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Ribeira Grande Plant
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Ribeira Grande Geothermal Field
 Extensive single NW-SE elongated geothermal reservoir;
 Maximum measured temperature: 245ºC;
 Liquid-dominated field;
 Fluid moving laterally northwestward;
 Permeable formations from 700 to 1300 m depth in CL sector
and from 450 to 900 m in PV sector;
 Boundaries are apparently controlled by NW-SE faulting;
 Sodium-chloride water with TDS of 6-7 g/l;
 Estimated capacity: 90 MW.
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Production results
Rib. Grande (13 MW)
Pico Verm. (10 MW)
in Apr, 20th 2014:
renewable energies
reached 75%
production!
SÃO MIGUEL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Production results
% of S. Miguel Island electrical needs
Other
(0,2%)
5,2%
Eolian
45,1%
Fuel
5,5%
Hydro
44,0%
Geothermal
Till now: (marginal) Direct
Uses in Azores… e.g. in INOVA
Institute greenhouses, till 2005!
Physico-chemical tests using
experimental tanks…
In the near future: valuing the
geothermal fluid in
• Direct uses
• Thermal baths
• Dermocosmetics uses
…technical and economical feasibility
AZORES GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Terceira Island
Terceira
Island
TERCEIRA GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Volcanology
Pico Alto Geothermal Field
Volcanologic map of the island of Terceira (Nunes, 2000)
TERCEIRA GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Pico Alto Geothermal Field
TERCEIRA GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Deep drilling
TERCEIRA GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
Well testing
TERCEIRA GEOTHERMAL PROJECT
General Overview
I – Exploration phase
 Detailed geoelectric survey
2000
 Environm. studies and permitting
2000-2002
 Thermo-gradient drilling holes
2003-2004
II – Feasibility phase
 Drilling of 5 evaluation wells
2006-2009
 Testing of evaluation wells (phase 1)
2009-2010
 Testing of evaluation wells (phase 2)
2013-2014
 in April 2014 it was recommended the installation of a pilot power plant
of 2.5-3.0 MWe capacity fed by two wells up to 1,800 m deep;
 All the geothermal fluid will be re-injected in a single well already tested
…binary Pilot Power Plant of 3,5 MW to be running by April,2017!
Renewable Energies in the Azores Islands
…state-of-art!
Electricity Production (2014)
…and Geothermal Energy penetration
Produção Acumulada
January to December 2014
(789 GWh)
Gasóleo
8.8%
Hídrica
3.0%
Geotérmica
23.2%
...in S. Miguel Is.
Eólica
10.0%
Produção Acumulada
Fuelóleo
54.9%
Outras
0,06%
January to December 2014
(416 GWh)
Geotérmica
44.0%
Eólica
5.2%
Outras
0,10%
…in Azores
Hídrica
5.5%
The annual geothermal production more than
doubled after 2006 increasing from approximately
80 GWh to 170 GWh
Fuelóleo
45.1%
Gasóleo
0.02%
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN THE AZORES
Evolution of primary sources production in ALL ISLANDS…
2014
Gasóleo
8.8%
Hídrica
3.0%
Geotérmica
23.2%
Fuelóleo
54.9%
Eólica
10.0%
Outras
0,06%
Adapted from C. Bicudo da Ponte, 2012
(INGENIUM, 64)
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN THE AZORES
Primary sources production in 2011 FOR EACH ISLAND…
C. Bicudo da Ponte, 2012 (INGENIUM, 64)
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN THE AZORES
Azores Government Strategy…
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN THE AZORES
Azores Government Strategy …and EDA planning!
S. Miguel Island
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN THE AZORES
Azores Government Strategy …and EDA planning!
Terceira Island
Pilot GPP
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN THE AZORES
Azores Government Strategy …and EDA planning!
Flores Island
“work in progress”
(new hydro)
{
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN THE AZORES
Azores Government Strategy …and EDA planning!
THE NEED OF
ENERGY STORAGE…
e.g. for regulation
purposes
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN THE AZORES
Azores Government Strategy …and EDA planning!
THE NEED OF
ENERGY STORAGE…
e.g. for regulation
…the Furnas Lake Pumping Hydro!
purposes
…challenges and opportunities of living in
oceanic (volcanic) islands
THANK YOU