Transcript Cycles of Matter

 Matter
is recycled (it
changes form, but never
leaves)
 Energy
is not recycled
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A continuous process where water moves
from the earth’s surface to the atmosphere
and back again
Changes its physical form
- gas – liquid - solid
 Evaporation
– liquid to gas
 Condensation – gas to liquid
 Precipitation – water vapor condenses
and falls back to earth (rain, snow,
sleet , hail, etc.)
 Transpiration – loss of water from
leaves (liquid to gas)
 Percolation – water soaks into the
ground
 Carbon
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An element found in all living things
As it moves from primary producers to
consumers and decomposers, carbon cycles
between living and nonliving things in the
environment
Plants absorb Carbon Dioxide from
the atmosphere and use it combined
with water they get from the soil to
make substances needed for growth.
 Photosynthesis uses the carbon
dioxide to produce sugars
 Animals eat the plants and use the
carbon to produce energy
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Animals return carbon dioxide into the air when
they breathe (respire) and when they die since the
carbon is returned to the soil during
decomposition
Decaying plants and animals are converted into
fossil fuels such as coal and oil and return to the
atmosphere during combustion
As humans burn fossil fuels to release energy, dust
particles and gases containing carbon are also
released into the environment. This burning of
fossil fuels is increasing the amount of CO2
released in the atmosphere.
• Carbon is dissolved in water
• Algae and bacteria are
photosynthetic and use carbon
dioxide to produce food
• Marine organisms release carbon
dioxide during respiration
• Carbon dioxide is deposited on the
floor when organisms die
Rabbit gives off CO2,
which is taken in by the plant.
Rabbit eats food,
breaks it down
and releases
CO2.
Plant uses CO2
to make food.
Plant gives off O2,
which is taken in by the rabbit.
Respiration
Photosynthesis
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This happens on land and in the water.
Algae and aquatic plants produce food
underwater through photosynthesis.
Phytoplankton makes the most available
oxygen.
They use CO2 dissolved in the water.
Some oxygen is made in the atmosphere
where sunlight breaks down water.
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Most oxygen is stored in oxide minerals of
the Earth’s crust and mantle, called the
lithosphere, but is bound to rocks and
unavailable for use.
Oxygen is used by animals, plants, bacteria,
fire, decomposition, and even rusting metal
(oxidation).
 Air
is around 78 % nitrogen
gas
 Nitrogen in the atmosphere
cannot be used by most
organisms
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All plants and animals need nitrogen to make
amino acids, proteins and DNA
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Most plants and animals get nitrogen from soils or
water in which they live
Animals get nitrogen by eating plants
When organisms die, their bodies decompose
bringing the nitrogen into soil on land or into
ocean water
Bacteria alter the nitrogen into a form that plants
are able to use
A small amount of nitrogen is returned to the
atmosphere by bacteria that can break down
nitrogen compounds into nitrogen gas
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Nitrogen-rich fertilizers can add too much
nitrogen in nearby water
Livestock waste adds large amounts of
nitrogen into soil and water
Increased nitrate levels cause plants to grow
too rapidly until they use up the supply and
die
 Process
by which bacteria convert
gaseous nitrogen in a usable form
(ammonia)
 On
p. 155 in your
notebook glue or staple
in the phosphorus cycle.
 Leave space for notes.
 Importance
of Phosphorus
•ATP
•NADPH
•Backbone of Nucleic Acids
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1. Phosphorus accumulates in rocks and
soil
2.Phosphate released by the weathering of
rocks
3. plants and fungi take phosphate in roots
4.phosphorus moves through the food
chain
5. returned to soil or water by
decomposition
Does not occur in atmosphere
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Mining and Agricultural Runoff also add to
flow of phosphorus
Excessive flow of phosphorus within an
aquatic environment can lead to algae blooms
Blooms crowd out other plant species and
negatively impact wildlife populations