Nutrient Cycles for blog
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Transcript Nutrient Cycles for blog
CYCLING OF
MATTER
• ENERGY FLOWS THROUGH ECOSYSTEM
• WATER—NITROGEN—CARBON—PHOSPHORUS ARE
RECYCLED!!!
• THEY MOVE THRU A BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE:
• ABIOTIC (non-living) PORTION OF ENVIRONMENT
(ATMOSPHERE) Biotic THEN BACK AGAIN
The Water Cycle
Water Cycle
CELLS CONTAIN 70-90% H20
• VERY LITTLE OF EARTHS AVAILABLE H20 IS
IN LIVING THINGS
• RIVERS / LAKES /
STREAMS / OCEANS CONTAIN A BIG %
• ATMOSPHERE CONTAIN WATER = WATER
VAPOR
• GROUND WATER = IN SOIL OR
UNDERGROUND IN POROUS ROCK
• WATER CYCLE = MOVEMENT OF H20 B/T
RESERVOIRS
– EVAPORATION
– TRANSPIRATION
– PRECIPITATION
Evaporation
• Liquid gas (water vapor)
• HEAT (sun) CAUSES
WATER TO EVAPORATE
• 90% OF EVAPORATED
WATER FROM
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEM PASSES
THROUGH PLANTS IN A
PROCESS CALLED…
Transpiration
• PLANTS TAKE IN H20 THRU ROOTS
• RELEASE WATER & TAKE IN CO2 (CARBON
DIOXIDE)
Condensation
• Water vapor cools in the atmosphere
and condenses (gasliquid) around
dust particles to form clouds.
• The water droplets stick to each
other and become too heavy, so they
must fall out of the sky and back to
earth…
Precipitation
• WATER LEAVES
ATMOSPHERE
• TEMP & AIR
PRESSURE
DETERMINE HOW
MUCH WATER CAN
BE HELD
• Then it will:
– SNOW, RAIN, SLEET,
HAIL OR FOG
Carbon Cycle
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS + CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS = PLANTS & OTHER
AUTOTROPHS USE:
CO2 + H20 & SUNLIGHT = CARBOHYDRATES
HUMAN INFLUENCE ON THE CARBON
CYCLE
• IN THE PAST 150 YEARS
CO2 IN THE ATMOSPHERE
HAS RISEN 30%
ALMOST ½ IN THE LAST
40 YEARS
• HUMAN ACTIVITY IS THE
CAUSE
• BURNING FOSSIL FUEL:
– REMAINS OF
ORGANISMS THAT
HAVE BEEN
TRANSFORMED BY
DECAY, HEAT, &
PRESSURE
ENERGY RICH ORGANIC
MOLECULES
• BURNING
RELEASES ENERGY
& CO2
• BURNING
VEGETATION
RELEASES CO2
• TROPICAL
RAINFOREST
DESTRUCTION
• WITH NO PLANTS
CO2 IS NOT
ABSORBED
Nitrogen Cycle
• NITROGEN IS NEEDED TO MAKE PROTEINS &
NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA OR RNA)
• N2 (NITROGEN GAS) MAKES UP 78% OF THE
ATMOSPHERE (unusable in this form)
• N2 must be changed
to AMMONIA
to be used by
living things.
NITROGEN FIXATION
• CONVERSION OF N2 TO AMMONIA
• CERTAIN BACTERIA CAN CONVERT N2 NH3
NITROGENFIXING
BACTERIA
• LIVE IN SOIL &
IN SOME ROOTS
Recycling Nitrogen
• BODIES OF DEAD ORGANISMS CONTAIN “N”
– URINE & DUNG ALSO
• DECOMPOSERS BREAK DOWN CORPSES &
WASTE OF ORGANISMS GIVE OFF NITROGEN
AS AMMONIA =
AMMONIFICATION
• NITRIFICATION =
BACTERIA IN SOIL
TAKE IN AMMONIA
& OXIDIZE IT INTO
NITRITES, NO2 &
NITRATES, NO3
• PLANTS CAN ABSORB NITRATES & AMMONIA
FROM SOIL
– ANIMALS CANNOT!
• ANIMALS OBTAIN IT
BY EATING OTHER
ORGANISMS &
DIGESTING THE
PROTEINS &
NUCLEIC ACIDS
• DENITRIFICATION
• RETURNING NITROGEN TO ATMOSPHERE
PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Short Term
Phosphorus is cycled from the soil to
producers and then from the
producers to consumers.
Long Term
Weathering or erosion of rocks that
contain phosphorus slowly adds
phosphorus to the cycle.