Transcript Chp 12 Notes People and their Needs

Chapter 12 Humans and their
Needs
June 2, 2016
Name 2 systems & types of movement
that occurs within each.
• Plate tectonics—movement of plates
of Earth’s crust
• Ocean circulation—movement of
water
What controls the systems on the
Earth?
• The sun
How are the systems of the Earth
connected to the world’s ecosystems?
• Characteristics of living things in each
biome are determined by movement
of material through a system
▫ Example: water and temp
How is the system of matter & the
system of energy different? What does
the energy from sun power on Earth?
• System of matter is a closed system(small
amounts leave/join Earth)
• system of energy is open (energy received by
sun but a lot is radiated back into space)
• Sun’s energy (that is absorbed) powers the
movement of ocean currents, clouds, growth
of plants and animals
How has the perception of the Earth
changed over time?
• Changed from “Mother Earth” to
something to be conquered (modern
industrial society)
• See people as separate from the systems that
govern the rest of the biosphere
• However, it is impossible to separate
ourselves from the biosphere
What is the Gaia hypothesis?
• States that Earth functions like a
single, living organism that regulates
itself to maintain life
▫ Changes in one thing causes
changes in others
▫ Earth responds to changes in the
physical environment
What kinds of activities are humans
engaging in that might have an effect
on Earth?
• Dumping waste
• Cutting down forests
• Replacing natural ecosystems with
cities
Humans first evolved from what early
group? When did this group roam Earth?
• Cro-Magnons
• ~40,000 yrs ago
Briefly describe hunter-gatherer,
agricultural, & industrial societies.
1. Hunter-gatherer: society in which people
gather natural food, hunt, & are nomadic
a. Small impact on environment & can survive
indefinitely if not disturbed
2. Agricultural: society in which crops are
grown & people have specialized roles
-invention of the plow was essential
a. Can live indefinitely if within limits of
environment
b. Caused people to stop roaming & divide work
3. Industrial: society in which production of
food & other products is performed by
machines, demanding large amounts of
energy
a. Human population grew rapidly
How has the impact of humans on the
environment increased over time?
• Increases in production of goods, energy use,
and human population all lead to negative
impacts on the environment
• Pollution and technology have also had a
negative impact on environment
Let’s Fill-in the Society Chart!
• Please pass out the society chart
• We will fill this in together as we go
Hunter-Gatherer
• Lifestyle
▫ Nomadic
• Technology
▫ Simple tools and
weapons
• Resource Use
▫ Sustained by
environment
• Health
▫ Healthy lives
▫ Well fed
▫ Low disease
▫ High infant mortality
• Env. Impact
▫ Use of fire causes some
env. change
• Energy Use
▫ Low
▫ Fuel = wood
• Example
▫ African tribes
▫ Aboriginal tribes
▫ Native American tribes
Agricultural
• Lifestyle
▫ Permanently settled
• Technology
▫ Plows
▫ Agriculture
▫ Cities allow advance of
simple machine
• Resource Use
▫ Some overuse of soil &
forest
• Health
▫ Healthy lives
▫ Well fed
▫ Disease high in city
• Env. Impact
▫ Cutting timber causes
wide-spread env. change
• Energy Use
▫ Medium
▫ Fuel = wood, wind, H2O,
animal, coal
• Example
▫ Amish
▫ Midwest/Great Plains of
U.S.
Industrial
• Lifestyle
▫ Often permanently
settled
• Technology
▫ Mass production (high
energy use)
▫ Biotechnology
▫ Computers
• Resource Use
▫ Overuse of resources
▫ Not sustainable
• Health
▫ Medical advances
increase life span
▫ Pollution is a risk
• Env. Impact
▫ Large cities, pollution, &
high energy use all cause
major env. change
• Energy Use
▫ High
▫ Fuel = fossil fuels,
hydroelectricity, nuclear
• Example
▫ Majority of modern
society (US, Europe)
Industrial Revolution
videoclip
What is an ethic?
• Set of standards or rules that serves as a
guideline for determining right from
wrong
Describe the frontier ethic &
sustainable development ethic.
• Frontier Ethic: Formed on assumption that
human society is separate from nature
▫ Resources are unlimited
▫ Humans are not subject to natural law
▫ Success is measured in terms of control
• Sustainable Development Ethic: Meets
current needs of society without limiting
needs of future
▫ Resources limited
▫ Humans subject to natural law
▫ Success is measured by being in harmony
with nature
Why are basic concepts of the frontier
ethic no longer considered valid?
• As human population has grown we have
realized that resources, etc. are NOT
unlimited
How are the frontier ethic & sustainable
development ethic different?
• Frontier ethic is more toward
humans, whereas the sustainable
development ethic is more holistic
What are renewable & nonrenewable
resources? Provide examples.
• Renewable: can regenerate quickly
▫ Examples: water, wind, solar, animals
• Nonrenewable: cannot regenerate quickly
▫ Examples: oil, coal, natural gas