Transcript notable events and disasters of 2014. highlights of floods

NOTABLE EVENTS AND DISASTERS
OF 2014
HIGHLIGHTS OF FLOODS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
2014: FLOODS ARE A GLOBAL
NATURAL HAZARD CONTINUUM
• FLOODS
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• EARTHQUAKES
• DROUGHTS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• ETC.
FLOODS
• Floods occur somewhere in the
world 10,000 times or more
each year.
FLOOD-INDUCED LANDSLIDES
• Many of the global flood
occurrences also trigger
landslides, mudslides,
mudflows, and rock falls.
FLOODS
• Floods, which can be either
slow onset or rapid onset
events (i.e., flash floods), occur
when a locale can not process
the amount of water that it is
receiving in a normal manner.
FLOODS
occur when water accumulates
too rapidly to be processed in
the locale from: a) natural
events such as rainfall and
snow melt, b) storm surge and
heavy rain from hurricanes and
typhoons, and c) tsunami waves
THE “PINEAPPLE EXPRESS”
FLOODS
• Pineapple Express is a nontechnical, meteorological term for
an “atmospheric river” of moisture
from the waters adjacent to the
Hawaiian Islands that extend to
any location along the Pacific
coast of North America.
CAUSES
OF RISK
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
FLOODS
CASE HISTORIES
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS
DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES
(HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND
WATER
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
WIND PENETRATING
BUILDING ENVELOPE
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN
ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF
INCOMING WAVES
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE
RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE
RUNUP
TSUNAMIS
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF
BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL
AND VERTICAL EVACUATION
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF
TSUNAMI
NOTE: INUNDATION BECOMES
A POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENT
WHEN IT a) TRIGGERS LANDSLIDES,
b) INTERACTS WITH A COMMUNITY’S
BUILDINGS, CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE, CROPS, AND c)
CREATES A FAVORABLE
ENVIRONMENT FOR INFECTIOUS
DISEASES
2014: EXAMPLES OF NOTABLE
FLOOD EVENTS
FLOOD EVENTS
Flood-induced Mudslide in Washington
After the Iquique, Chile Tsunami
After Typhoon Hagupit in The
Philippines
The “Pineapple Express” in California
FLOOD-INDUCED
MUDSLIDE IN WASHINGTON
STATE, USA
SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 2014
LOCATION MAP
THE 2014 MUDSLIDE
• The slide, which occurred on
Saturday morning, was
triggered by heavy rainfall and
reported to be about 25 m (80
feet) deep in some parts.
THE 2014 MUDSLIDE
• Officials described the
mudslide as "a big wall of mud
and debris” that blocked about
a mile of State Route 530 near
the town of Oso, about 55 miles
north of Seattle.
WALL OF MUD MOVED
AFTER HEAVY RAINFALL
THE MUDSLIDE
THE MUDSLIDE
NEITHER THE LOCATION
NOR THE EVENT WERE A
SURPRISE
PRIOR PREPAREDNESS
ACTIVITIES
• In 2006 after a smaller landslide
occurred on the north fork of
the Stillaguamish River,
millions of dollars were spent
on regional mitigation
measures.
PRIOR PREPAREDNESS
ACTIVITIES
• In 2010, a report commissioned
by the county in order to be in
compliance with federal
regulations identified the
hillside that collapsed Saturday
outside of the community of
Oso as particularly susceptible.
The 15 million cubic foot
mudslide destroyed about
50 homes
PREPARING FOR S AND R
THE DILEMNA FOR SEARCH
AND RESCUE TEAMS
• The debris pile was about a square mile
(2 1/2 square kilometers) and 30 to 80
feet (9 to 25 meters) deep in places,
with a surface that includes quicksandlike muck, rain-slickened mud, and ice.
• The terrain was difficult to navigate on
foot and very treacherous when heavy
equipment was brought in.
THE DILEMNA FOR SEARCH
AND RESCUE TEAMS
• To make matters worse, the debris
pile includes other hazards such
as fallen trees, propane and septic
tanks, twisted vehicles, and
countless pieces of shattered
homes
--- AND CONTINUING
RAINFALL INCREASED THE
LIKELIHOOD OF FLASH
FLOODS AND ADDITIONAL
MUDSLIDES
S AND R: SLOW, DANGEROUS
WORK WITH FEW SUCCESSES
176 MISSING
14 DEAD
AS OF TUESDAY, MARCH
25
S AND R: SLOW,
DANGEROUS WORK
Specialized teams and hightech equipment — including
technology to locate
cellphone pings under the
wreckage — were deployed
SLOW DANGEROUS WORK
Due to the dangerous
environment, as bodies were
being discovered underneath the
rubble, they are being flown out
together in groups each afternoon
instead of one at a time in
helicopters.
TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP
IN IQUIQUE, CHILE
APRIL 1, 2014
IQUIQUE, CHILE
EARTHQUAKE (April 1, 2014)
IQUIQUE, CHILE: FLOODING
FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP
TYPHOON HAGUPIT
STRIKES THE PHILIPPINES
December 6-8, 2014
Typhoon Hagupit made a
painfully slow landfall at 11
kph (7 mph) in the Philippines
on Saturday, lashing the island
of Samar with 200 kph (125
mph) winds and unloading at
least 40 cm (16 in) of rain over
coastal areas.
Typhoon Hagupit, known
locally asTyphoon Ruby, first
landed at Eastern Samar on
Saturday and moved slowly
across the country, bringing
heavy rains and strong winds
3 DAYS OF HEAVY
RAINFALL
At least 21 people in the
Philippines were killed before
Typhoon Hagupit weakened
into a tropical storm Monday.
The storm forced more than
one million people out of their
homes and into shelters.
THE “PINEAPPLE
EXPRESS” IN CALIFORNIA
DECEMBER 11-14, 2014
A weather system fueled by the
"Pineapple Express," a long,
narrow atmospheric plume that
continuously piped moisture from
Hawaii into the western United
States, started delivering heavy
rainfall to the San Francisco area
and the entire state on
Wednesday.
RAIN, AND MORE RAIN
RAIN-INDUCED MUDSLIDE:
PACIFIC COAST HIGHWAY
RAIN-INDUCED ROCK SLIDE:
SOME HOUSES BURIED
BEYOND 2014:
Communities throughout the
world know why it is urgent for
their stakeholders to continue
working on becoming FLOOD
and FLOOD-INDUCED
LANDSLIDE DISASTER
RESILIENT
Each community knows that it
is only a matter of time until the
inevitable flood event e occurs
that can expose its physical and
social vulnerabilities
•MONITORING
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
YOUR
BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE
COMMUNITY
FLOOD DISASTER
RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EARLY WARNING
•EM RESPONSE
•RECOSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY
THE PEOPLE CONTINUUM
• 7 + BILLION
(DISTRIBUTED
IN COMMUNITIES AND
RURAL AREAS
THROUGHOUT
THE WORLD)
THE COMMUNITY CONTINUUM: (BUILDINGS.
INFRASTRUCTURE, ENTERPRISE)
•
•
•
•
GOVERNMENTS
DWELLINGS
SCHOOLS
HEALTH CARE
FACILITIES
• BUSINESSES
• INFRASTRUCTURE
THE REASONS FOR A FLOOD
DISASTER TO OCCUR. . .
• The community is UNPREPARED for the flood
hazards (INUNDATION,
LANDSLIDES, etc.,) that are
likely to happen.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO DISASTER
PLANNING SCENARIO or LAND
USE PLANS or ORDINANCES in
place as a strategic framework for
identification and coordinated
local, national, regional, and
international countermeasures.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO EARLY
WARNING SYSTEM or COMMINITY
EVACUATION PLANS in place as a
strategic framework for
identification and coordinated
local, national, regional, and
international countermeasures.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community LACKS THE
CAPACITY TO RESPOND to
the full spectrum of expected
and unexpected emergency
situations in a timely and costeffective manner.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is INEFFECIVE
during recovery and
reconstruction because it HAS
NOT LEARNED IMPORTANT
LESSONS from either the
current experience or the
cumulative prior experiences.