Transcript Properties of Minerals Powerpoint

Day 3:
Types of Minerals
Properties of Minerals
Classification of minerals
Day 3:



What is a ___________?
How are minerals __________? (grouped)
What are some of the ______________
that can be used to _____________ a
mineral?
What is a Mineral?




Made up of same _______________
_________-formed
__________
Pyromorphite
__________structure
What do all minerals have in
common?
All:
1.
Are formed by _________ processes.
2.
Are NOT alive and NEVER were alive
3.
4.
Are elements or compounds with a
___________chemical makeup
Are made up of particles that are arranged in
a pattern that is repeated over and over
(called __________________)
Watch “Crystals” by Brainpop…
1.What element are diamonds made from?
_______________________________
_______________________________
2. What do all crystals have in common?
_______________________________
_______________________________
Classifying/Grouping Minerals
Classification
Grouping of Minerals

Minerals are classified/grouped by the
________________ they are made of.
Beryl (Emerald)
Calcite
Amethyst
Mineral Group
Characteristics
Contain
Silicates
oxygen & silica
The most
abundant group
of minerals
MICA
Examples
Quartz, mica
Quartz
Mineral Group
Characteristics
Make
Non-Silicates
Silver
up only
5% of the
Earth’s crust
Include some
of the most
important
minerals
Examples
iron, copper,
gold, silver,
diamonds,
rubies
Copper
Diamond
Gold
Ruby
Iron
Mineral Group
Carbonates
Characteristics
Carbon
Examples
&
Calcite (CaCO3)
oxygen and a
positive ion,
such as calcium
Calcite with Duftite inclusions
Mineral Group
Oxides
Characteristics
Metallic
ion
and oxygen
Examples
Hematite
(Fe2)O3
Mineral Group
Sulfides
Characteristics
Sulfur
and a
metallic ion
Examples
Galena (PbS)
Mineral Group
Sulfates
Barite on Calcite
BaSo4 / CaCO3
Characteristics
Metallic
Sulfur &
oxygen
ion,
Barite
BaSo4
Examples
Barite (BaSO4)
Mineral Group
Native
Elements
Characteristics
Single
elements
Examples
Gold (Au),
Diamond (C),
Silver (Ag)
Physical Properties

We use the following properties to help
identify minerals:





Color
Luster
Streak
Hardness
Cleavage/Fracture
Color
Geologists do not depend on this:


Can be _______________
Can _________ with because of impurities
Luster
Luster
 Surface ___________
 _______________ =
shiny like metal
 _______________ =
dull, non-shiny surface
Pyrite has a metallic luster
Calcite has a non-metallic luster
Streak
Streak




The _________of the _________ form of
the mineral
When you rub a mineral against plate
The color of the streak can be
___________ than the mineral
Minerals must be ________ than the streak
plate
Streak…can help identify quartz
http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html
Hardness
Hardness
 How easily a mineral __________
materials
 Mohs Hardness Scale
 Scale
from 1 (________) to 10
(_________)
 Test by seeing if the mineral can
_________ different objects (like human
fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file)
Cleavage/Fracture
Cleavage & Fracture



The way the mineral ____________
Cleavage—minerals break along
_________flat surfaces and every fragment
has the same general shape
Fracture—minerals that break at
_________with _______ or ______edges
Cleavage or Fracture?
1.
4.
2.
3.
Other Properties
Other Properties
 Specific gravity (*excellent clue to
mineral’s identity)
 Attraction to ________
 Bending of light
 Reaction with hydrochloric ________
 __________ & _________
http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b4.html
Brainpop—“Mineral Identification”
1. If a mineral can scratch your fingernail,
the mineral is _______________ than
your fingernail.
2. What is luster?