Transcript Disaster-2 - Dr Muhammad Razaq Malik

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
DISASTER
A disaster is a sudden,
extraordinary calamity or catastrophe
which affects or threatens health.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
DISASTER
It is an ecological disruption exceeding
the adjustment capacity of the affected
community.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
DISASTER
Any occurrence that causes damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human life
or deterioration of health and health
services on a scale sufficient to warrant
an extraordinary response from outside
the affected community or area
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
HAZARD
Any phenomenon that has the
potential to cause disruption or
damage to people and their
environment Disasters cause
great harm to the existing
infrastructure and threaten the
future of sustainable
development
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTER
 A. 1. NATURAL
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2. Man Made
 B. Meteorological
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Metrological disasters
 Storms (hurricanes, cyclones) cold
spells, heat waves, drought and smong.
 Topological disasters:
Floods, avalanches, landslides.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
 Telluric and tectonic disasters:
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
 Accidents:
Failure of structures like dams, tunnels,
buildings, mine explosions, fires,
collisions, shipwrecks, train crashes,
poison entering water supply systems.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Natural
 There are many types of disasters such
as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, tidal
waves, land-slides, volcanic eruptions,
 Tornadoes, fires, hurricanes, snow
storms, severe air pollution (smog), heat
waves, famines, epidemics, building
collapse, toxicologic accidents (e.g.
release of hazardous substances),
nuclear accidents and warfare etc
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
MAN MADE DISASTERS
 Sudden disasters
 Insidious disasters
 Wars and civil conflicts
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Classification of Injuries
Morbidity which results from a disaster
situation can be classified into four types
 a. Injuries;
 b. Emotional stress;
 c. Epidemic of disease; and
 d. Increase in indigenous diseases.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Extent of Injuries
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The relative number of injuries and deaths
differ, depending on the following of factors
Type of disaster,
The density and distribution of the population,
Condition of the environment,
Degree of the preparedness
Opportunity of the warning.
Injuries usually exceed death in explosions,
earthquakes, typhoons, hurricanes, fires,
tornadoes.
Death frequently exceeds injuries in landslides,
avalanches, volcanic eruptions, tidal waves,
floods.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Extent of Injuries
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Magnitude and effect of a
disaster
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It can be found by evaluating some related
results. These are:
Loss of or damage to human and animal life.
Disruption of community services like electricity,
gas, water supply, sewerage system,
communications, food supply, public health
services.
Spread of communicable diseases.
Disruption of normal activities.
Destruction of or damage to private and public
property.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
There are three fundamental aspects of
disaster management:
 a. Disaster preparedness
 b. Disaster response
 c. Disaster mitigation
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Disaster Preparedness
 PRE-DISASTER ADMINISTRATION:
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Disasters can be managed by coordinated
activities of different disciplines and sectors.
P=Planning;
O=Organizing;
S=Staffing;
D=Directing;
CO=Coordinating;
R=Reporting;
B=Budgeting.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Planning
Planning is a vital part of pre-disaster
activities. It has three steps:
 Determining the available resources and
the situation.
 Defining the objectives.
 Deciding the policy and action during a
disaster.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Organization
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The job descriptions of the staff must be
clear.
The assistants must discuss each
decision to be taken with the disaster
coordinator.
Another important point is to decide on
the two way communications (warning,
feedback) between the highest and the
lowest levels of the organization.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
ORGANIZATION
It should always be kept in mind during
the planning phase that the most
important factor for successful disaster
management is communication.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Directions
 Objectives
 Command and control structure
 Limits of authority and responsibility
 Duties and lines of communication
 Channels for requesting and supplying
additional resources
 Operation details
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Co-ordination
Co-ordination in and between team
needs special attention. The staff may
need some time to get to know each
other and to adapt themselves to
communication and coordination
systems which may be new to them.
They must ve trained to work together.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Main duties of health team
 First aid.
 Emergency care.
 Ambulatory care.
 Patient referral.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
BIO-TERRORISM DISASTER
 Due to availability of biological weapons there is
threat to mankind. There will be not only mass
killing but there will be a continuous damage to
the coming generation.
 Appropriate measures for prevention of such a
disaster are through International Collaboration
for Peace among nations with a firm
commitment to “LIVE AND LET LIVE”.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
THANKS
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik