Transcript What do we call the thin layer of gasses that surround

1. What do we call the thin
layer of gasses that
surround the earth?
Atmosphere
2. List the 3 main gasses that make
up most of the atmosphere along
with their percentages.
 1. Oxygen 21%
 2. Carbon Dioxide 1%
 3. Nitrogen 78%
3. Of the 3 gasses listed above,
which 2 are the most important
for organisms? Why?
 The most important substances for
organisms are oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
 Oxygen is necessary for cellular
respiration
 Carbon dioxide is necessary for
photosynthesis.
4. What does Earth’s atmosphere
protect us from?
 sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation
5. Why is it important that Earth’s
atmosphere lets visible light in?
 It supplies energy and making
photosynthesis possible.
6. Why is it important the Earth’s
atmosphere reflects some
ultraviolet radiation back to the
Earth’s surface?
 warms the planet.
7. The early atmosphere of the
earth contained no free oxygen.
1 billion years ago what
process began that provided
Earth’s atmosphere with
oxygen?
 Photosynthesis
8. What was the first sign of life on
earth?
 blue-green algae
9. This is the process of making
food from water and carbon
dioxide using sunlight for
energy. Its byproduct is oxygen.
 Photosynthesis
10. Using this process organisms
break down food molecules and
carbon dioxide is released into
the atmosphere.
 Cellular respiration
11. What 2 processes keep the
amount of carbon dioxide and
oxygen in the atmosphere
balanced?
 Photosynthesis
 Cellular respiration
12. List the 5 layers of the
atmosphere in order from the
surface of the Earth to outer space.
 1. troposphere
 2. stratosphere
 3. Mesosphere
 4. Thermosphere
 5. exosphere
13. Below are characteristics of the
Earth’s atmosphere. In which
of the layers listed above does
each characteristic belong?
 When you are in this layer you are half
way to the moon
 Exosphere
 Contains nearly all of the water vapor
and dust particles in the atmosphere.
 Troposphere
 contains the ozone layer
 stratosphere
 Winds blow, but without swirling
turbulence.
 stratosphere
 Most meteors from space burn up in this layer
 mesosphere
 Because of solar activity, Temperatures climb





sharply in the lower portion of this layer, then
level off and hold fairly steady with increasing
altitude above that height.
Thermosphere
It contains nearly all of the earth’s gases.
Troposphere
Temperatures decrease with altitude giving this
layer the coldest temperature in the atmosphere.
Mesosphere
 Much of the x-ray radiation from the sun







is absorbed here.
thermosphere
Atoms and molecules escape into space
exosphere
This is the layer in which most weather
occurs as air currents flow and swirl
troposphere
The aurora (the Southern and Northern
Lights) primarily occur in this layer.
thermosphere
 Commercial airliners travel in the lower part of







this layer
stratosphere
Space shuttle & international space station orbit
here
thermosphere
Contains most of the mass of the atmosphere
troposphere
Scientist know the least about this layer
mesosphere
 Temperature decreases with altitude in this





layer because the heat is coming from
below.
Troposphere
Temperatures increase with altitude
because energy from ultraviolet radiation
is being absorbed.
Stratosphere
Where clouds are found.
troposphere
14. . What is the chemical formula
for ozone?
O3
15. What does the ozone layer do?
 protects humans from harmful ultraviolet
light from the sun
16. If the ozone layer is important
for humans to survive, why do
we consider it a pollutant?
 Ozone is harmful to the lungs. When
formed in the troposphere, Ozone is
considered a pollutant.
17. Label the diagram
18. What are the different pieces
of the earths crust called?
 plates
19. What kind of rock is the
continental crust made of?
 Granite
20. What is the thinnest layer?
Crust
21. What kind of rock is the oceanic
crust made of?
 Basalt
22. Which rock is heavier?
 Basalt
23. What happens to the crust
because of convection currents
in the mantle?
 plates slant, slide, collide, and push over,
under, and alongside their neighbors.
24. What causes convection
currents?
 very hot material at the deepest part of the
mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again
and then heating, rising and repeating the
cycle over and over.
25. The core is divided into 2
layers. What are they called?
 Inner & outer core
26. What is the outer core
composed of?
 nickel and iron
27. Is the outer core solid or liquid?
 liquid
28. How does the pressure of the
inner core affect the metals
located there?
 pressures so great that the metals are
squeezed together and are not able to
move about like a liquid, but are forced to
vibrate in place as a solid
29. What is the inner core
composed of?
 iron
30. This layer makes up 80% of the
Earth’s total volume
 Mantle
31. This layer has asphalt like
consistency.
 Asthenosphere
32. This is the boundary between
the crust and the mantle.
 Asthenosphere
33. A zone of rigid, brittle rock that
make up the crust and the
upper layer of the mantle.
 lithosphere
34. This layer has the greatest
amount of pressure
 Inner core
35. Who devised the concept of
plate tectonics?
 Wilson
36. What are the 3 types of plate
boundaries?
 Convergent
 Divergent
 Transform fault
37. Label the following as being a
characteristic of one of the plate
boundaries listed above:
 Ridges
 divergent
 Colliding plates
 convergent
 Volcanoes are formed on the overriding
plate
 convergent












Subduction zone
convergent
San Andres fault
Transform fault
Separating plates
divergent
Ring of fire
convergent
trenches
convergent
Plates moving horizontally in opposite directions.
Transform fault
38. This is the location beneath the
Earth’s surface where a fault
rupture begins.
 hypocenter
39. the location directly above the
hypocenter on Earth surface.
 epicenter
40. a mound, hill, or mountain
formed from hot magma exiting
the crust and piling up on the
land or beneath the seas.
 Volcanoes
41. Describe a hot spot volcano
and give one example.
 Volcanoes, formed away from plate boundaries,
as a result of geological hot spots.
 Hot spots are commonly found over a chamber
of high-pressure and high-temperature magma.
 As the volcano slowly slides past the hot spot,
the hot spot begins forming a new volcano.
 Hawaiian islands