Transcript ch.1 and 2 Notes/textbook

Geography
• The study of everything on Earth, from
rocks and rainfall to people and places.
Branches of Geography
1. Human Geography
2. Physical Geography
The study of distribution and
characteristics of the
world’s people.
(Where they live and what
they do)
Trades people make for
survival.
Focuses on the Earth’s
natural environments
including landforms,
water, plants and animals
and other physical
features.
What shapes the earth’s
surface
Three Regions
• 1. Formal Region: One or more features make it
different from its surrounds
• 2.Functional Region: city transit system, shopping
malls
• 3.Perceptual Region: “home” South, Asia
Six Elements
• Study of Geography
into 5 important
Themes
• MR. LIP
•
•
•
•
•
M=Movement
R=Region
L=Location
I=human Interaction
P=Place
I
M
R
.
L
Reasons for Seasons
• TEKS
GEOGRAPHY- The student understands the
concept of region
3 A.B A) attribute occurrences of weather
phenomena and climate to annual changes in
Earth-Sun relationships; and
(B) describe physical environment of regions
and the physical processes that affect these
regions such as weather, tectonic forces, wave
action, freezing and thawing, gravity, and soilbuilding processes.
Summer Solstice
• June 20-21 is a very
important day for our
planet and its
relationship with the
sun. June 20-21 is one
of two solstices, days
when the rays of the
sun directly strike one
of the two tropical
latitude lines. June 21
marks the beginning of
summer in the northern
hemisphere and
simultaneously heralds
the beginning of winter
in the southern
hemisphere.
Winter Solstice
• The winter solstice
marks the shortest
day and the longest
night of the year. The
sun appears at its
lowest point in the
sky, and its noontime
elevation appears to
be the same for
several days before
and after the solstice.
Equinox
• Two Equinoxes a
year.
• Equal day and night.
• Pg 31 in Text
• Equinoxes occur
on/about March 21st
and September 22nd.
Total Solar Eclipse of 21 June 2001 from Zimbabwe
See Richard Monk’s
webpage on
eclipses:
www.williams.edu/
astronomy/IAU_ecli
pses/
Bailey’s Beads
Solar Corona
“Diamond Ring”
Critical Thinking pg 31
• Analyze: When does winter occur on
Earth? Explain your answer
• Drawing Inferences and Conclusions:
How does the tilt of the Earth affect the
Polar regions?
Earth’s Spheres
Also known as Earth’s
Environmental systems
Pg 35 in Textbook
Note Taking strategy
Earth
System/Environment
Lithosphere
• The lithosphere contains
all of the cold, hard solid
land of the planet's crust
(surface), the semi-solid
land underneath the
crust, and the liquid land
near the center of the
planet.
Lithosphere also includes
Mountains, Oceans,
plains, and valleys
Hydrosphere
• The hydrosphere
contains all the solid,
liquid, and gaseous
water of the planet.
• The hydrosphere
extends from Earth's
surface into the
lithosphere.
• Ninety-seven percent
of Earth's water is
salty.
Biosphere
• The biosphere contains
all the planet's living
things.
• All microorganisms,
plants, and animals of
Earth.
• Living things will form
communities. These
communities are referred
to as biomes.
EX: Deserts, grasslands,
and tropical rainforests
Atmosphere
• The atmosphere
contains all the air in
Earth's system
• The atmosphere is
made up of many
layers that differ in
chemical composition
and temperature.
Page 36 1-3
• 1. How are Earth’s four spheres connected
to form a system?
2.How do different points of view on
environmental issues influence public
policies and decision making process?
Give an EXAMPLE
3. How does the atmosphere affect other
Earth’s systems?