Transcript NTW-Minerals and rocks

1. _______mineral a naturally occurring,
inorganic, crystalline solid with a
definite chemical composition
A. “Naturally occurring”- made by
______- not man-made
nature
B. “Inorganic”- is not nor has it ever
been ________
alive
C. “Crystalline”- minerals are lined
up in ________
repeating patterns
D. “SOLID”
E. “Definite chemical composition”certain elements in definite
proportions
2. crystal
________- a solid plane in
which the atoms are arranged
in orderly, repeating patterns
A. cubic
B. tetragonal
C. hexagonal
D. orthorhombic
E. triclinic
F. monoclinic
CUBIC
HALITE
TETRAGONAL HEXAGONAL
WULFENITE
BERYL
ORTHORHOMBIC MONOCLINIC
TANZANITE
GYPSUM
TRICLINIC
MONTEBRASITE
3. Physical properties
A. color
_____- the mineral’s general color
B. _______streak
the color of the powdered
mineral
C. _______luster the way light is reflected from a
mineral’s surface
density
D. ________-how
tightly packed together the
molecules of a mineral are;
E.hardness
________- a mineral’s resistance to being
scratched
F. ________cleavage breaks on smooth surfaces;
________- the irregular breakage of a
fracture
mineral
G. Other- taste
_____ (salt), smell
_____ (sulfur),
___________
_____ (jade)
magnetism (iron), and sound
4. _____gems rare and highly prized minerals
ores
5. ______minerals that can be
mined at a profit
silicon
oxygen two most
6. ______and
_______abundant elements in the Earth’s
crust
7. rock- mixture of ________,
minerals
______________,
volcanic
glass
_____________,
organic matter
and ________________
other materials
8. Rock cycle- rocks are formed by
__________, _______,
weathering
erosion heat
____,
________,
pressure _______,
melting _______,
cooling
__________
compaction and ___________
cementation
9. Major Rock types
A. IGNEOUS
B. SEDIMENTARY
C. METAMORPHIC
10. _____________Igneous rocks rocks made
from molten materials
 magma
______- underground
melted materials
____lava above the ground
melted materials
A.Intrusive- formed under
_____ Earth’s
surface and eventually uplifted and
uncovered by __________
weathering and
erosion
_______; magma cools ______;
slowly
_____
large crystals
B. Extrusive- formed when lava
cools ___________
at or above Earth’s surface;
cools ____;
fast small
_____ crystals
11. sedimentary- 75% of all rocks
on the _______;
surface the only rocks that
_________
originate on the Earth’s surface
A.Methods of formation:
1) weathering
__________ (breaking down)
and erosion
_______ (the moving
around) of rock particles
2) compaction
__________- pressure that
squeezes out the air and water
3) cementation
___________- water that is
dissolved with minerals “glues
particles together and then they
hardens
B. Classification:
1) ________clastic broken pieces of other
rocks and shells are cemented
together; shale, sandstone,
conglomerate
chemical minerals are withdrawn
2)________from a solution or left behind after
evaporation; halite and some
limestone
3) _______organic rock formed from once
living materials
 chalk
_____- formed from shells of
coquina
 coal
____- formed from dead plants
that have been buried and
pressurized
11. Metamorphic rock- rocks that
have changed due to heat
____ and
________
pressure
A. ________foliated contains parallel
bands of minerals
B. ____________non-foliated
no banding;
massive in form; mineral grains
grow and rearrange