Transcript towards faster recovery after floods. example: notable global floods

TOWARDS FASTER RECOVERY AFTER
FLOODS
EXAMPLE: NOTABLE GLOBAL FLOODS
DURING 2008
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
2015: FLOODS ARE A GLOBAL
NATURAL HAZARD
• FLOODS
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• EARTHQUAKES
• DROUGHTS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• ETC.
WITH 2015’S SPRING FLOODS
ONLY WEEKS AWAY, ITS
PAST TIME TO SPEED UP THE
LONG-TERM RECOVERY
PROCESS FOR FLOODS
FLOODS
• Floods occur somewhere in the
world 10,000 times or more
each year, - - • creating a multitude of local
and regional dilemmas about
what to shorten the recovery
process.
FLOOD-INDUCED LANDSLIDES
• Many of the global flood
occurrences also trigger
landslides, mudslides,
mudflows, and rock falls.
FLOODS
• Floods, which can be either
slow onset or rapid onset
events (i.e., flash floods), occur
when a local drainage system
can not process the amount of
water that it is receiving in a
normal manner.
FLOODS
occur when water accumulates
too rapidly to be processed in
the locale from: a) natural
events such as rainfall and
snow melt, b) storm surge and
heavy rain from hurricanes and
typhoons, and c) tsunami waves
CAUSES
OF RISK
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
FLOODS
CASE HISTORIES
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS
DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES
(HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND
WATER
NOTE: INUNDATION BECOMES
A POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENT
WHEN IT a) TRIGGERS LANDSLIDES,
b) IMPACTS A COMMUNITY’S
BUILDINGS, HOUSES, CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE, CROPS, AND c)
CREATES A FAVORABLE
ENVIRONMENT FOR INFECTIOUS
DISEASES
NOTABLE FLOODS OF 2008
Peru
China
Algeria
FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES IN
PERU: 26 FEB – APRIL 8, 2008
PERU
FLOODS and MUDSLIDES IN PERU
At least one-half million people in
the Departments of San Martin and
Huanuco and the Central highlands
and jungle area were affected by
prolonged, heavy rainfall and
associated mudslides
IMPACTS
•Thirty-five percent of the
people in six provinces were
adversely affected
•Over 9,000 homes were
destroyed and 1,200 damaged
IMPACTS
•Businesses were flooded and
without power
•Transportation networks
were flooded
•Farmland and crops were
destroyed
IMPACTS
Parts of Lima and Lurin
were threatened after the
prolonged runoff caused the
Rimac, Chillon, and Lurin
Rivers to reach flood
stage.
FLOODING
FLOODING: CAJAMARACA
FLOODING: CAJAMARACA
MUDSLIDES
Following heavy rains in the
area, mudslides occurred in the
hills surrounding the village of
Caserio Sachavaca, in the
Amazonian Huanuco State of
Peru, killing seven people
MUDSLIDES: CUSCO AREA
GOVERNMENT DECLARES
STATE-OF-EMERGENCY
The government of Peru
declared a state of emergency
in Piura, Lambayeque,
Tumbes, and in Ucayali, a
region in central Peru along
the Brazilian border
GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE
The Peruvian Government
supplied over 100 tons of food,
water, and aid supplies to
people in flood-ravaged areas.
FLOODS IN CHINA DISPLACE
1.27 MILLION
Guangdong, Sichuan,Ghizhou, and
Fujian Provinces impacted
MAY-JUNE, 2008
FLOODING IN SOUTHERN
CHINA
Runoff after several weeks of
rain pushed the Xijiang and
Beijiang Rivers over their
banks in southern China,
displacing more than 1.27
million people.
SOCIETAL IMPACTS
The floods killed 57 people,
collapsed tens of thousands
of homes, damaged crops
across more than 2.12 million
acres, and caused $1.5 billion
or more in economic losses.
FLOODING: GUIZHOU
PROVINCE; MAY 27
FLOODING: SICHUAN
PROVINCE
FLOODING: GUANGDONG
PROVINCE; JUNE 15
A SUDDEN DISASTER
The Beijiang River, which
converges with the Xijiang
River in Foshan, (Guangdong
Province), swallowed an entire
neighborhood that was home
to about 100 people.
FLOODING: GUANGDONG
PROVINCE; JUNE 15
FLOODING: FUJIAN PROVINCE;
JUNE 14
FLOODING IN GHARDAIA
PROVINCE, ALGERIA
600 KM SOUTH OF ALGIERS
OCTOBER 1, 2008
SOURCE: Dr. Djillali BENOUAR
GHARDAIA, ALGERIA
FLOODING; OCT 1, 2008
30 deaths
50 injuries
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF
FLOOD-RELATED LOSSES
• 1) dozens of flooded towns and cities,
• 2) inundated homes and businesses,
• 3) lost crops and productivity of farm
land,
• 4) loss of function of roads.
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF
FLOOD-RELATED
LOSSES
•
• 5) loss of function of bridges,
• 6) overwhelmed utilities,
• 7) thirty-eight thousand evacuees,
• 8) regional business interruption,
• 9) loss of tourism,
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF
FLOOD-RELATED LOSSES
• 10) long-term clean-up (removal of
debris, sewage, garbage, 10-million
sandbags)
•11) drying out of houses and
businesses and their contents,
•12) rebuilding of houses and levees.
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF
FLOOD-RELATED LOSSES
• 13) disposal of damaged home
systems (e.g., refrigerators),
• 14) restoration of water quality in
wells and municipal water systems
•15) restoration of schools and
universities.
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF
FLOOD-RELATED LOSSES
• 16) restoration of millions of
acres of prime farm land.
• 17) rebuilding of towns and
cities.
THE EVER PRESENT THREAT
ASSOCIATED WITH FLOODS
• WATER RELATED DISEASES
• POLLUTION
• MOULD
• DEAD ZONES IN THE RIVERS
THREAT OF WATER-RELATED
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
•The flood waters (and hazardous
materials) seeping into water
supply and distribution systems
can make drinking water unsafe
for thousands of homes and
businesses.
MOULD: THE HAZARD AT HOME
AFTER WATERS RECEDE
Mold, which begins growing
within 24 hours, was a threat
for causing severe allergic
reactions and potentially fatal
respiratory seizures.
THREAT OF POLLUTION
• Flood waters loaded with of tons
of fertilizer and other kinds of
debris can dramatically increase
soil and water pollution along a
river system.
THREAT OF A DEAD ZONE
•A river dead zone, which is a
zone starved for oxygen, can
not support aquatic life.
MAIN IDEA
Each flood disaster provides deeper
insights on: 1) Protection, 2)
Preparedness, 3) Early Warning, 4)
Emergency Response, and 5) Recovery
and Reconstruction
MAIN INSIGHTS FROM
GLOBAL FLOODS
• MONITORING, EARLY WARNING,
EVACUATION, AND WETLANDS,
SANDBAGS, LEVEES, AND DAMS ARE
VITAL FOR SAVING LIVES AND
PROTECTING PROPERTY.
MAIN INSIGHTS FROM
GLOBAL FLOODS
• BEING PREPARED INCLUDES
CONSIDERATION OF POSSIBLE
WATER-BORNE DISEASES
GOAL: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE
FLOODS
IMPROVE ON PAST
PERFORMANCE
INCREASED TECHNICAL
AND POLITICL CAPACITY
OF COMMUNITY TO COPE
INCREASED OWNERSHIP
AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE
AND EXPERIENCE
SEVERE WIND STORMS
EARTHQUAKES
DROUGHTS
LANDSLIDES
WILDFIRES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
TERRORISM
RISK ASSESSMENT
•HAZARDS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
YOUR
GOAL: DISASTER
RESILIENCE
COMMUNITY
FIVE PILLARS OF
RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PROTECTION
•PEPAREDNESS
•EARLY WARNING
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY/RECONSTRUCT.
MAIN INSIGHTS FROM
GLOBAL FLOODS
• BEING PREPARED INCLUDES PREFLOOD PLANNING FOR POST-FLOOD
RECOVERY (PFPPFR)