Transcript APRES_LISN_2011

EPUSP
Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo
First Results of GPS data and the
contribution for water loading
evaluation in Amazon Basin
Sonia Maria Alves Costa
Ana Cristina Oliveira Cancoro de Matos
Jhonnes Vaz
Denizar Blitzkow
2nd LISN Workshop
INPE -November 6th – 10th, 2011
Motivation
Amazon Region has the largest mass variation in the world
and one of the most important ecosystems
It is an area with lack of water level information due to
difficulties in access for local operations
Climate Protection and Ecosystems Maintenance studies
applying new tecnologies and tools
Use the space geodesy in order to provide better knowledge
of the lithosphere and the hydrosphere on a global scale
Hydrologic Cycle Components
Precipitation
Evaporation
Evapo-transpiration
Evaporation
Standard Concepts (Physical)
Ocean
Infiltration
Recharge
runoff
Aquifer
source: IWRM &
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
COMPONENTS,
Precipitation
Evaporation/ET
Surface Water
Groundwater
Goals
Study the connection between water loading and vertical
variations of the crust due to the hydrologic cycle;
Validate GRACE grids of the Ewh and the vertical deflection
with in-situ information from gauge and permanent GNSS
stations;
Estimate the Lag Time of Crustal Variation and Drought Periods;
Period of study: 2007 to 2010
In-situ Data Sets
84 gauge stations (Amazon, Tocantins and Paraná basins)
24 GNSS stations
Satellite models
GRACE mission : Land Water Storage and Vertical Deflection
GRACE Satellite Mission – Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment
Time-variable gravity fields
Launched : March, 2002
Goal: detailed measurements of Earth's gravity field which lead to
discoveries about gravity and Earth's natural systems
Data sets
In-situ water level measurements provided by Agência nacional de
Águas(ANA) from 84 hidrological stations in Amazon, Tocantins and Paraná
Basins .
Informations and data available at:
http://hidroweb.ana.gov.br/.
10-day GRACE data geoid solutions expressed in Stokes coefficients up
to degree 50 (i.e., ~450 km spatial resolution) corrected from atmospheric
(ECMWF) and ocean tides (MOG-2D). Computed by GRGS (Groupe
Recherche de Geodesie Spatiale)
Informations and data available at:
http://bgi.cnes.fr:8110/geoid-variations.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data from 24 continuous
monitoring stations of Instituto Brasileiro de Geografía e Estatística (IBGE),
Low-Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network (LISN), Serviço Geológico
Brasileiro and International GNSS Service (IGS).
Informations and data available at:
ftp://geoftp.ibge.gov.br (RBMC)
http://lisn.igp.gob.pe/ (LISN)
ftp://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov (IGS)
Region of Study
distribution
with
Basins/Sub-basins
and
Station
GNSS Network
GNSS Data Analysis
Position time series
The position time series of stations were obtained from the daily double
difference solutions (1461 solutions) processed with Bernese software.
Each daily solution was aligned to the weekly IGS05 solutions applying
minimum constraint strategy. The IGS05 stations used for the reference
frame definition were: AREQ, BRFT, CHPI, CRO1, KOUR, LPGS, MANA,
RIOP, SCUB and UNSA.
Daily position evaluation
The time series transformation parameters between daily solutions and
IGS05 weekly solutions are estimated in order to check the external fit of
daily results. The RMS for the north (N), east (E) and up (U) components to
be 1.4, 1.5 and 5.6 mm.
Data Problems
Noisy data mainly in L2 observable (LETI, JIPA and TEFE)
Problems with satellite clocks
New sites for SREM and PARI
Peak to peak variation of vertical component
The highest values occur between october and november when the ebb period is
finishing and rivers have the lowest water level. The lowest values of vertical
component occur between april and may when the rain season is finishing and
rivers are full of water (flood period).
GNSS x GAUGE (LETI)
GNSS x GAUGE (TEFE)
GNSS x GAUGE (NAUS)
GNSS x GAUGE (PARI)
GNSS x GAUGE (SREM)
GNSS x GAUGE (MAPA)
GNSS x GAUGE (RIOB)
GNSS x GAUGE (POVE)
GNSS x GAUGE (ALTA)
GNSS x GAUGE (MABA)
GNSS x GAUGE (ROJI)
GNSS x GAUGE (JIPA)
Lag Time of crust
Station
Lag time
(days)
Drought period
Drought period
Duration(days)
Start/End time
ALTA
45
135
July/Nov.
CUIB
15 to 30
150
June/Nov.
IMPZ
15 to 30
135
June/Oct.
MABA
15 to 20
90
Aug./Dec.
BELE
10 to 20
75
Oct./Dec.
MAPA
20 to 30
90
Sep./Dec.
BOAV
20 to 30
90
Dec./Mar.
SAGA
30
120
Oct./Feb.
SREM
10 to 20
30
Oct./Nov.
PARI
10 to 20
30
Oct./Nov.
NAUS
10 to 20
30
Oct./Nov.
URUK
10 to 20
30
Oct./Nov.
TEFE
10 to 20
30
Oct./Nov.
LETI
10 to 20
30
Sep./Oct.
POVE
10 to 20
30
Sep./Oct
RIOB
30
60
Aug./Oct.
ROJI
30
60
Aug./Oct.
GNSS x GRACE VDEF (LETI)
GNSS x GRACE VDEF (TEFE)
GNSS x GRACE VDEF (NAUS)
GNSS x GRACE VDEF (PARI)
GNSS x GRACE VDEF (SREM)
GNSS x GRACE VDEF (JIPA)
GNSS x GRACE VDEF (ROJI)
GNSS x GRACE VDEF (ALTA)
Final Considerations
The results obtained in this study will contribute to better monitoring and
understanding the water cycle and in particular the improvements that can
be expected when data from the current satellite missions are used.
GRACE models provide, in general, good results in Amazon Basin, due
to the great of continental water variation.
In the sedimentary areas of Amazon Basin GRACE have a better
response mainly in the biggest rivers like Amazonas, Solimões, Tapajós,
Xingú and Madeira.
High correlation between GRACE Vdef with in-situ (GNSS) Time Series.
The lowest value estimated was 0.82 in ALTA.
The longest drought period occurs in CUIB with 150 days.
In the center of basin the lag time is about 10 to 20 days and in the
neighbor basins it is 30 to 45 days.
High precision leveling in the Amazon region?
Suggestions
GNSS stations with purpose to support
region;
geodynamics studies in the
Stable marks;
Permanent communications links for the daily data transfer.
Thank you very much for your attention
Balance “water for livelihoods” and “water as
a resource”