Transcript Earth
Earth
Distances
24,901.55 miles
24,859.82 miles
7,926 miles
3,452 miles
Diameter of Earth
Distance from the
North to South Pole
Distance across the
United States
Circumference
around the equator
Water Volume
50 gallons
70 gallons
14600 gallons
4 trillion gallons
326,000,000,000,000,
000,000 (million
trillion) gallons
Emitted from a tree
daily
Amount of water in
the ocean’s of the
Earth
An average American
uses daily
An average human
will drink in 80 years
Falls to Earth each
day
Speed
67,000 mph
1,000 mph
4,520 mph
Revolution of Earth
around the Sun
Speed of Rocket
Plane (fastest plane)
Rotation of Earth
(Day/Night)
Population
6,692,030,277
1,325,639,982
731,000,000
680,000,000
304,059,724
8,682,661
New Jersey
China
Africa
Earth
Europe
Unite States
ANSWERS: Distance
24,901.55 miles: Equatorial Circumference
24,859.82 miles: Circumference from
North to South Pole
7,926 miles: Diameter of Earth
3,452 miles: USA
ANSWERS: Water Volume
50 gallons: Daily Activities
70 gallons: Daily tree emits
14600 gallons: Lifetime human consumes
4 trillion gallons: Daily Earth precipitation
326,000,000,000,000,000,000 (million
trillion) gallons: Earth’s Ocean volume
ANSWERS: Speed
67,000 mph: Earth’s revolution around the
Sun
1,000 mph: Earth’s rotation
4,520 mph: Rocket Plane
ANSWERS: Population
6,692,030,277: Earth
1,325,639,982: China
731,000,000: Europe
680,000,000: Africa
304,059,724: USA
8,682,661: NJ
The Geosphere
Earth is a SYSTEM
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Earth Interior
Seismic waves used
to study interior
Seismic waves
change is the material
they travel through
change
Seismologist measure
the change in speed
and direction of
seismic waves
Earth’s Composition
Crust
Mantle
Core
Crust
Outer layer
Thinnest layer
5km to 8km thick beneath
oceans
20km to 70km think
beneath continents
Made of light elements
1% of planet’s mass
Mantle
Beneath crust
64% of planet’s
mass
2,900km thick
Made of rocks of
medium density
Core
Inner most layer
Composed of
densest
elements
Radius of
3,400km thick
Structure of Earth
Lithosphere
Cool, rigid layer
15km to 300km thick
Include crust and upper
mantle
Divided into
tectonic plates
Asthenosphere
Plastic, solid layer of mantle
250km thick
Made of rock that flows slowly
Allows tectonic plates to move
Structure of Earth
Mesosphere
Lower part of mantle
2,550km thick
Outer core
Outer shell of Earth’s
core
2,220km thick
Made of liquid nickel &
iron
Inner core
1,228 km thick
4,000-5,000°C
Made of solid nickel and iron
Why solid?
Plate Tectonics
Tectonic plates glide on top of
asthenosphere
Major plates
North American
South American
African
Pacific
Eurasian
Antarctic
Plate Boundaries
Types of movement:
Collide
Separate
Slide past one
another
Can form:
Mountains
Ex:
Himalayan Mnts
50 Million Years ago
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Fault- break in Earth’s crust
where blocks of crust slide past
one another
When block of rocks suddenly
slip under the pressure the
vibrations felt throughout Earth
Richter Scale measures
earthquake's magnitude
(energy)
2.0-9.5 can be felt
Scale increases by 31.7
7.0+ results in widespread
damage
Where do Earthquakes Occur?
Mostly at or near
tectonic plates
due to the
enormous stress
Many
earthquakes in
past 15 to 20
million years
along San
Andreas fault
Earthquake Hazard
Area’s earthquake
hazard level determined
by past and present
activity
Not only high risk areas
in danger
Charleston, SC 1886
Sandy, loose soil=
EXTENSIVE damage
Earthquake-resistant
buildings are slightly
flexible
Volcanoes
A mountain built from
magma (melted rock)
that rises from Earth’s
interior
Usually near plate
division or collision
Can be on land or
under water
Under water may lead
to island formation
Local Effects of Eruption
Clouds of hot ash, dust, and gasses flow down
slope up to 200km/hr (124.3 miles/hr!)
Volcanic ash + water = mudflow
Ash falls to ground; building collapse under
weight, bury crops, damage engines, and cause
breathing difficulties
Global Effect of Eruption
Climate changes for several years
Volcanic ash and sulfur-rich gases spread
across planet in atmosphere Block
some sun lower temperature
Erosion
Removal and transport of surface materials
Water Erosion
Rivers- create deep gouges through
mountains
Oceans- water continually beat surface
Wind Erosion
Plants root soil, no plant=loose soil
Soft rock (sand stone) is easily eroded