Transcript iikrpatpetroleum

Petroleum
Lenka Kašparová
Lenka Krpatová
Petroleum
• Thick dark brown or greenish liquid
• It‘s name comes from Latin petr – rock
and oleum – oil
• Sometimes we called it black gold
• Petrol exists in the upper strata of some
areas of the Earth‘s crust
Origin of petrol
• It‘s formed from
decayded prehistoric
animals and plants
• Over many centuries
this organic matter,
mixed with mud,
is burried under thick
sedimentary layers of
material.
Composition
• Petroleum consists of hydrocarbons
• Non-hyrocarbon fractions – which might
also include sulphur (till 4%), nitrogen
(till 1%), oxygen (till 1%)
• Traces of metals – vanadium, nickel,….
• Mineral additions – water, sand, salts
Treatment of petroleum I
• Petroleum is processed by atmospheric
pressure distillation:
– Gasseous products – methan, ethan,
propan, butan
– Petrol ether (solvent, engine fuel)
– Light and heavy petrol (automobile
fuel)
Treatment of petroleum II
•Kerosene (jet engine fuel)
– Gasoil (diesel fuel)
– Lubrication oil (engine oil)
– Remaining fractions(tar, asphalt,
synthetic rubber, colours…)
Environmentals effects
• Burning oil releases carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere, which contributes to
global warming.
• Renewable energy source alternatives do
exist, although the degree to which they
can replace petroleum and the possible
environmental damage they may cause
are uncertain and controversial.
Thank you for your attention.