Transcript Document

Grade 8
Category 3
Earth and Space
1.
Which of the following is the most reasonable
topographic map of the area shown in the
picture?
2.
Which of the following best explains
why City 3 experiences the smallest
change in day length between summer
and winter out of the four cities shown
in the diagram above?
A City 3 is closest to the sun during
the Northern Hemisphere’s winter.
B Earth completes one revolution of
the sun about every 365 days.
C Earth rotates on its axis about once
every 24 hours.
D City 3 is located closest to the
equator.
3
The diagram shows the orbit of the moon around Earth. Between
which two points will the moon appear to change from a new moon
to a quarter moon?
A
B
C
D
Q and R
R and S
S and T
T and Q
4.
According to the graph below, which stars are MOST likely to increase in brightness as
they increase in temperature?
A. main sequence stars and red giants
B. red giants and super giants
C. super giants and white dwarfs
D. white dwarfs and main sequence stars
5
In spring 2003 a natural rock outcropping in New Hampshire called
the Old Man of the Mountain collapsed. Which of the following most
likely loosened the rock and caused it to fall?
F
G
H
J
Heat turning sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock
Water freezing and thawing inside cracks in the rock
Volcanic activity producing pressure at the rock’s base
Oxygen reacting with iron on the surface of the rock
6
In the picture above, the rocks at the bases of the trees were
separated from the cliff face by water freezing and thawing. Which
process best describes the breaking of the rock?
F
G
H
J
Soil erosion
Mountain building
Chemical weathering
Physical weathering
7.
Which of these best explains why the oceans have a great impact on the
weather over the continents?
A
Ocean waves move more easily than continental rock.
B
The oceans contain a wider variety of organisms than the continents.
C
The oceans store and transfer more heat than the continents.
D
Ocean water contains more salt than most continental lake water.
8.
The map above shows the western coast of
South America. Which process caused the
upward movement that formed the Andes
Mountains?
A
Seafloor spreading
B
Deposition of sediment
C
Tectonic plate collision
D
Erosion of rock layers
9
The Northern Hemisphere experiences seasons at different times
than the Southern Hemisphere does because —
A
B
C
D
the Coriolis effect produces winds
Earth tilts on its axis
the Van Allen belt absorbs energy
the equator receives direct sunlight
10
Many weather systems form over oceans. The energy needed to
form these weather systems originates from —
A
B
C
D
water currents
prevailing winds
the sun
the moon’s gravity
11
The photographs above show how a change in climate is affecting
the size of Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park. Which of the
following best explains the change in the glacier between 1910 and
1997?
F
G
H
J
Higher average temperatures
Higher frequency of earthquakes
Higher total precipitation
Higher rates of wind erosion
12
The lunar cycle is completed in about a month because —
A
B
C
D
the moon rotates once on its axis
Earth revolves once around the sun
the sun makes one full orbit
the moon revolves once around Earth
13
All of these will probably result when atmospheric carbon dioxide
levels increase EXCEPT —
F
G
H
J
increased plant growth
elevated animal reproductive rates
greater atmospheric pressures
higher average annual temperatures
14
Nitrogen fertilizer is often added to soil to increase the growth of
crops. Which of these nearby ecosystems would most likely be
harmed by the use of nitrogen fertilizer?
A
B
C
D
Forest
Pond
Park
Meadow
15
Earth’s land areas, oceans, and atmosphere maintain fairly constant average
temperatures. What is the best explanation for these constant average
temperatures?
A
Earth’s Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere have
opposite seasons.
B
Earth is tilted and rotates daily on its axis.
C
The continuous motion of air and water distributes the sun’s energy.
D
Global weather systems generally move from west to east.
16
The lunar module weighed more on Earth than it did on the moon
because Earth has a greater —
F
G
H
J
gravitational force
atmosphere
electromagnetic field
density
17
The picture shows sand used to make a model of a galaxy. In the
model, each grain of sand best represents —
F
G
H
J
a comet
a black hole
an asteroid
a star
18
Which of these processes contributes to the growth of the Hawaiian
island chain?
A
B
C
D
Erosion
Glaciation
Sedimentation
Volcanism
19
Which of the following was most likely caused by tectonic plates
colliding?
A
C
Cavern
B
River
D
Lake
Mountain
20
Which diagram best represents the type of plate movement that
results in mountain building?
A
C
B
D
21.
If a star is 3.3 light years away from Earth, how long has its light been traveling
so we can see it?
A
3.3 days
B
Only an instant
C
3.3 months
D
3.3 years
22.
Look at the various diagrams of the Earth, Moon, and Sun system found below. Which
model would produce the greatest high tide?
A
Earth, Moon, and Sun system A only
B
Earth, Moon, and Sun system B only
C
Earth, Moon, and Sun system C only
D
Earth, Moon, and Sun system A and C
23
Use the choices of Moon views in Moon Diagram 1 to
answer the following question. Which moon phase is a
waxing gibbous?
A
B
C
D
Choice A
Choice B
Choice C
Choice D
Forest Ecosystem
24
A direct result of removing trees from the area above is most likely—
A
B
C
D
a higher rate of erosion
a lower amount of carbon dioxide in the air
a rapid increase in herbivore populations
a slowdown of the nitrogen cycle
25
At the quarry, soil was removed to get to the rock layers underneath.
Which part of the environment was probably least affected by this
soil being removed?
A
B
C
D
Air
Groundwater
Runoff water
Plants