Transcript The Diversity of Life MODIFIED

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Q. What is
Continental
Drift?
A. Theory that
continents
were once
attached (as
Pangea) and
have moved
away from
each other.
(Wegener)
Earth
Lithosphere:
•continuous shell of solid rock around Earth
•contains Earth’s solid crust and a flexible
part of the mantle
•crust is somewhat cracked
•pushed in different directions by currents
in the mantle caused by heat (convection
currents).
Continental Drift and
Pangea
Continents are not fixed, but
drift about the surface of the
Earth
About 200-250 mya, all of the
Earth’s land masses were
locked together in a
supercontinent named
Pangea, which means “all
lands”
.
Evidence for
Continental Drift
• Shapes match like
puzzle pieces
• Mountain ranges
line up
Fossil Evidence
• Fossils of
same
species on
many
continents
that can’t
travel far
Climate Evidence
• Tropical plant fossils in
Antarctica (polar
climate)
• Glacial deposits in
tropical areas
• Coal deposits (usually
form in swampy, warm
areas) in polar climates
Theory of Plate Tectonics
• Earth’s lithosphere is broken up into large sections called
tectonic plates that are constantly moving.
• Thicker plates form continents; thinner plates are found under
Earth’s Oceans.
The Diversity of Life
Pgs 73-77
Group I- Protection
1. Monarch Butterfly
• Warning Coloration
• the colors of the animal make it
easier to see,
• advantage to insects who are
unpleasant to eat
• birds who happen to eat one
quickly learn to avoid that
species in the future
2. Viceroy butterfly
• Mimicry
• One organism is
protected from its
enemies by its
resemblance to another
species
• Tend to avoid edible
viceroy b/c it looks like
the inedible monarch
butterfly
3.Porcupine Fish
• Spine covered
skin
• Inflate body
when threatened
4. Scorpion, Bees, Wasps
• Sting is poisonous
5. Cobra
• Extremely poisonous
• Very aggressive
behaviour
• Draws itself up and
hisses
6. Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
• Spray fine droplets 15
feet or more that has
a penetrating odor,
can cause nausea
and temporary
blindness
7. Octopus
• Tentacles – suction cups to hold
onto prey
• Sharp beak on mouth for
cracking open shells
• Some also inject prey with toxic
substance
• Can squeeze into small spots
• Shoot out ink and change colors
8.Shark
• Has many rows
of replaceable
teeth to catch
and eat its prey
• Powerful jaws
and teeth
• Streamlined
shape to reduce
drag in water
and allow it to
move faster
• Fins – allow it to
change direction
easily
9.Armadillo
• Armor like
covering
• Color helps
blend into
environment
10.Lappet-faced Vulture
• Rasp-like tongue helps
pull flesh into the mouth
and their long necks allow
them to probe into a large
carcass
• Lack of feathers on head
and neck means they do
not have the problem of
preening blood-stained
feathers
• Huge beak enables them
to "gnaw" flesh off large
bones even when corpse
has dried out
11.Leaf Insect, Stick Insect
• Camouflage – blends
in with environment
12.Elephant
• Travel in groups
• Tusks are used for
food gathering and
carrying, as well as
weapons.
13. South American Burrowing Bullfrog
• Tooth-like projections
on lower jaw for
holding on to
struggling prey
• Inflate bodies when
disturbed
Group II – Seed Dispersal
14. Grasses/Dandelions
• Seeds
dispersed by
wind
• Light seeds
15. Partridgeberry/Cantaloupe/Tomato/Apple/Plum
• Seed dispersed
by juicy fruit
being eaten
• Brightly colored
fruits to attract
birds
• Fruit taste good
16. Coconut
• Seed dispersed by
water
• Tough outer coat,
resistant to
seawater
• Can float in
seawater for
months
• Usually found in
tropical areas
17. Pea Plants
Explosions
• Some plants have pods that
explode when ripe and
shoot out the seeds.
• Pea and bean plants keep
their seeds in a pod. When
the seeds are ripe and the
pod has dried, the pod
bursts open and the peas
and beans are scattered
Group III- Nutrition
18. Plant – Oak Tree
• Autotroph
photosynthetic
19. Cyanobacteria
Autotrophs –
photosynthetic
20. Deer
• Heterotroph –
herbivore
• Eats any kind of
plant or fruit
21.Moose
• Heterotroph - herbivore
• Eats any kind of plant or fruit
22.Wolf
• Heterotroph – carnivore
• Eats any size herbivore except
earthworms and bees
23.Falcon
• Heterotroph – Carnivore
• Eats rabbits, chickens, snakes
24. Kinkajou
• Heterotroph – Omnivore
• Small mammal that eats honey and
insects
25.Pig
• Heterotroph - Omnivore
26. Indian pipe
• Heterotroph – saprophyte
• Plant lacking chlorophyll, gets nourishment
from dead plants
27.Pholioto species - Fungus
• Heterotroph - Saprophyte
Group IV – Locomotion in
Mammals
28. Bat
• Flying mammal
• found in every
part of the world
except the polar
regions and far
out across the
ocean.
29. Flying foxes
• Flying Mammals – largest type of bats
• Rainforest
30. Rabbit
• Small
Leaping
mammal
• Taiga,
grasslands,
deciduous
forest
31.Kangaroo
• Leaping
Mammal
• Grassland
32.Giraffe
• Hoofed mammals
• Grasslands
33.Rhinoceroses
• Hoofed
mammals
• Grassland
34.Koala
• Tree top mammals
• Savanna
35.Sloth
• Tree top mammals
• Tropical rain forest
36. Walrus
• Fin footed mammals
• tundra
37. Sea lions
• Fin footed mammals
• Live in oceans