Transcript Zemes ģeotermālais siltums

Comenius
The Earth’s geosphere
The atmosphere – thickness -800 km
The atmosphere is composed mainly
of nitrogen and oxygen. It protects the
earth from harmful solar ultraviolet
radiation and prevents the Earth
becoming too hot or cool.
The Earth’s crust thickness is
different – from 6 km to 70 km.
The Mantle-It is about 2,900 km thick
and makes up nearly 80 percent of the
Earth's total volume. The inner mantle
temperature is very high- 2900°C.
The core consists of the inner and
outer core.
The outer core is a liquid. The
temperature there reach 2200ºC.
The inner core is solid and about
1,250 km thick. The temperature in the
inner core is about 6000°C.
Pollution continue to increase. Therefore
people are looking for new ways how
to get an ecological clean energy. One
of such alternative is the geothermal
energy. The geothermal energy is the
heat from within the earth. We can use
the steam and hot water produced
inside the earth to heat buildings or
generate electricity. Geothermal energy
is a renewable energy source .
The classification of geothermal
systems
There are 4 kinds of geothemal systems. Three of
them are closed systems (horizontal , vertical and
water container ). The fourth system is based on the
open-tube contours. . Each system type has its own
advantages and disadvantages. Appropriate
configuration of choice is largely determined by climate,
soil conditions, availability of free space and equipment
costs. All four systems can be used in buildings.
Earth's surface heat utilization
There is an objective limiting factor
for installing a manifold in the land
area. If a household plot is no more
than a few tens of square
kilometers, the installation of the
heat pump is problematic.
The required area for the heat
pump installing is about 300 m and
more. Moreover, the heat pump
collectors are placed in fairly great
depth - on average it ranges from
1.5 - 1.7 meters.
The utilization of the Earth`s deep heat
In case that it is not possible to use
a large land area the heat collector
can be placed in the borehole .
The artesian drilling is carried out
around 70-100m in depth - such as
creating an artesian well but the
drillhole has to be hermetically
covered.
Geothermal water utilization
The problem of the lack of the
land area can be solved by
installing the geothermal heat
pumps. The subsoil water
(groundwater ) is used as a heat
source.
For installing the geothermal
pump there are two boreholes
necessary. One borehole for
getting water and the other for
returning water.
There are not any underground water sources in
Latvia.
But as a result of geological investigations the
geothermal water layers are found in West part
of Latvia. The geothermal waters are located in
1 km depth and the temperature reaches 60
degrees.
For that reason the use of the geothermal water is
quite expensive
30 C°
60 C°
The water heat
Often, at the great rivers - such as
the River Daugava and Gauja,
people are interested in the
possibilities of the installation heat
pump manifolds in the nearest
rivers.
There is a danger that during the
floodwaters time the manifold may
be partially or completely
destroyed. The manifold
restoration is very expensive .
Energy consumption and costs of the
house with a heated area of 200m2
Energy need for heating and hot water,
kWh / year
39250
6,63 t.
381,36 Ls/year
10,12 t.
1315,60 Ls/year
Firewood
24,69 m3
493,71 Ls/year
Natural gas
4005 m3
689,18 Ls/year
Liquefied gas
3066 l.
1483 Ls/year
Fuel oil
3996 l.
1558,44 Ls/year
Electric Heating
39250 kWh 2001,75 Ls/year
Heat pump and radiator system
9760 kWh
497,76 Ls/year
Heat pump and hot floor system
7890 kWh
402,39 Ls/year
Coal
Granule, sawdust briquettes
The heat pump manifold is installed
in the ground here
Advantages and disadvantages
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Advantages
Disadvantages
The environment is not polluted
None unpredictable fuel price rises
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There is no fuel-buying, preparing or
handling process There is no flue
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There are no emergency threats,
not the burning process.
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There is no bad smell and
sediment.
There is no need to a stoker.
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Expensive equipment
and installation
Requires periodic
inspection and
maintenance
Need for electricity
At -20 ° C the heat pump
operation is ineffective
Companies, which offers the
heat pumps equipments and the
installation of Latvia
Applied Materials
www.ivtsiltumsukni.lv
 www.siltumsuknis.lv
 www.argil.lv
 discovermagazine.com
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