Transcript earth systems - Team Strength

EARTH SYSTEMS
MATTER
• Everything in the universe is made of matter
• Matter is anything that has mass and
volume – anything that takes up space
• All matter is composed of elements
MATTER
• An element is a
substance that cannot
be broken down into a
simpler substance
• Gold is an example of
an element - Au
• Water is not. Water can
be broken down into
both hydrogen (H) and
Oxygen (O) – H2O
STATES OF MATTER
• All matter in the universe exists in one of 4
forms:
– Solid (slow moving particles, definite shape)
– Liquid (Particles move quicker, shape takes on
that of the container the liquid is in)
– Gas (Fast moving particles, freely
moving/flowing to fill container)
– Plasma (extremely hot, ionized gas – most
abundant form of matter in universe)
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MATTER
• The Law of
Conservation of
Matter states that
matter can neither be
created or destroyed.
• Matter can change the
state it’s in, however,
it is still matter
CLOSED SYSTEM
• The earth is said to be a
closed system
• This means that all the
matter on earth stays on
earth, it just may move
about in different forms
(solid, liquid, gas, plasma)
• This is true unless matter
enters or exists earth
through the atmosphere
MATTER
• All matter on earth cycles
through four different
systems
–
–
–
–
Hydrosphere
Geosphere/Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
• At any given point in time,
all matter that has ever
existed on earth can be
found in one of these four
systems
HYDROSPHERE
• All water on earth
whether in the
atmosphere,
oceans, ground
makes up the
hydrosphere
• Water cycles
throughout this
sphere via the
water cycle
HYDROSPHERE
• Water exists in three
states on earth
– Solid (ice – glaciers)
– Liquid (water –
oceans, rivers, lakes)
– Gas (vapor –
atmosphere)
• The majority of
water on earth
(~97% is found in
the oceans)
GEOSPHERE
• Earth’s solid portion is
know as the geosphere
or lithosphere
• The earth’s geosphere
is divided into three
portions
– Crust
– Mantle
– core
GEOSPHERE – CRUST
• Earth’s uppermost layer is
called the crust or
lithosphere
• Continental Crust
– 0-40 km
– Less dense than oceanic
crust
• Oceanic Crust
– 0-10 km
– Denser than continental
crust
GEOSPHERE - MANTLE
• Beneath the earth’s
crust is the mantle
• Area of molten rock –
extremely hot (100oC
– 4000oC)
• Makes up about 83%
of earth’s volume
GEOSPHERE - CORE
• The earth’s core is divided
into two layers – the inner
core and the outer core
• Inner Core
– Believed to be solid iron
– Extremely hot and dense
• Outer Core
– Fluid
– Not as hot as inner core
ATMOSPHERE
• The blanket of gases
that surrounds the
earth is called the
atmosphere
• The atmosphere
extends approximately
700 km – exchange of
matter may take place
here
ATMOSPHERE
• The earth’s atmosphere is
composed mainly of
nitrogen – oxygen, argon,
carbon dioxide, and water
vapor occur in smaller
amounts
• The atmosphere provides
a protective barrier around
earth, shielding us from
space debris and keeping
our temperature within a
habitable range.
BIOSPHERE
• The biosphere includes all
of earth’s living organisms
• Most of the organisms live
within a few meters of
earth’s surface
• Organisms in the
biosphere depend on
interactions with at least
one other earth system
SYSTEM INTERACTIONS
• All four of earth’s
systems exist
interdependent on one
another
• When one of the four
systems change, it
impacts the other
systems
SYSTEM INTERACTIONS
• For example: earth’s
early atmosphere was
directly impacted by
volcanic activity
(geosphere).
• Volcanoes emitted
gases that greatly
shaped earth’s early
atmosphere
SYSTEM INTERACTIONS
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE
Interaction among Surface currents
various air masses driven by wind
evaporation
BIOSPHERE
GEOSPHERE
Gases for
Weathering by
respiration
wind
Dispersal of seeds
HYDROSPHERE Input of water
vapor and stored
solar heat
Water Cycle
Water for life
Precipitation
Weathering and
Erosion
BIOSPHERE
Gases from
respiration
Removal of
dissolved
materials by
organisms
Global
Ecosystems
Food Cycles
Weathering and
erosion
Soil formation
GEOSPHERE
Input of stored
solar heat
Landscapes affect
air movement
Source of solid
and dissolved
materials
Source of mineral
nutrients
Modification of
ecosystems
Plate tectonics
EXAMPLES OF CHANGES
• Talk with the person
next to you – come up
with at least one
example of how
changing one earth
system affects another
earth system
CITATIONS
• What's Inside the Earth?: An Introduction to the Earth's Interior, Crust,
and Mineral Resources. Rainbow Educational Media. 1995.
unitedstreaming. 27 July 2007
<http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>
• Wicander, Reed and Monroe, James S., Essentials of Geology: 4th
Edition, Thompson Learning, Inc. 2006