Transcript How Can We Reduce the Impact of Tectonic

How Can We Reduce the
Impact of Tectonic Hazards?
Where is My Location?
• The contient of my location is Asia. The
country I`am talking about is Japan. The
Japanese city is called Kobe. One of the
biggest and highly populated cities on the
western side of Japan close to Osaka.
This region is known as Kansai.
What had happened to Kobe
• On 17th January,1995 at 5:46 Japan Time
an 7.2 magnitude earthquake hit Kobe.
This disaster killed 6.434 people and left
300.000 people homeless. Kobe was only
20 kilometers from the epicenter. Nearly
every fifth building was destroyed. A
double level highway collapsed over more
than one kilometer and the horizontal
displacement lengthen the newly build
Akashi kaikyo bridge be one meter.
Densely built residential district
Damage at Minatogawa, Kobe
What Social and economic impacts
had this disaster
• Kobe was not prepared for this kind of
earthquake. For days the life came to an
standstill. Transport, electricity and rail
services were interrupted for days. The
damage was even listed in the Guinness
Book of Records with nearly 103 billion
Dollar. Even after 14 years Japan has not
be able to recover from this natural
calamity.
Have there been any Natural Hazards
before? And what is the probabillty of a
Natural Hazards occuring again?
• Even so Kobe is futher away from the
dangerous intersection of the three
tectonic plates, the Parcific, Euraisn and
the Philippine plate. The subduction fault
had already caused two major
Earthquakes in 1944 and 1946. Kobe will
probabliy be hit by another Earthquake in
the near future because an Earthquake
fault line runs directly below the city Kobe.
Are there any Plate Boundary in this Area? If
Yes what type? What Natural Hazards Occur
in this Area?
• In this Area there is one Plate Boundary. It
is the Philippine Plate and the Eurasian
Plate. This type is called Destructive
margin. When ocean and contient plate
meet each other the denser plate, in this
case the ocean plate,goes down and the
contient plate stays .When this happens it
forms a big trench. In this Area most
Earthquakes occur in the range from 0 to
100 km of Depth.
The 1995 fault scarp in Kobe
Map of Earthquakes in Japan
What is climate like in this area? What is
the prediction in the future?
• Kobe Temperatures range from 2 to 31
Celsius and are expected to rise. Anyhow
there is not a know link between the
climate and earthquakes as of now.
How developed is the civilization in my
location? What types of Buildings?
Farms,Houses etc
• Kobe is an highly developed industrial city.
It has state of the art high rise buildings,
state of the art express ways, one of the
most advanced rail way system and the
longest suspension bridge in the world. As
you can see on the following pictures
Kobe is an modern twenty first century
city. Kobe has a well functioning
ecosystem. This system provides food,
fiber, water, energy and air.
View over the modern Kobe
Akashi – Kaikyo - Bridge
What has Kobe learned and
installed after 1995
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More Water Hydrants
Wider Streets
Earthquake Preparation Day
Community Training
Personal Preparedness
Designated Emergency Roads
Emergency Operating Center
Earthquake Preparation, Prediction and
Protection in Japan
• Early Warning Systems
(even with an seismograph an Earthquake is
very difficult to predict).
• Earthquake safe building codes/standards
( only for New Buildings possible)
• Call immediate for international disaster help
( the first three or four days are critical to survive
for humans)
Earthquake Preparation, Prediction and
Protection in Japan
• Train emergency services such as Police etc.
• Install independent energy, water and
communication supply for Hospitals and
Emergency services.
• Earthquake drills at school/business/government
• Japan became the world leader in earthquake
engineering and technical research.
Bibliography 1
•
"Google Earth”
"National Geographic" Magazine
25 November 2009
No Edition Pacific Press Service/Alamy
Page 1
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/wallpaper/1995kobequake.html
"Erdbebenursachen."
“Lingen Lexikon.”
Band 4
Berlin
F.A. Brockhaus
1998
Page 137
BBC on this day
No Author
1995: Earthquake devastates Kobe
17 January 1995
British Broadcasting Corporation
23 November 2009
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_3375000/3375733.stm
Bibliography 2
•
Louie, J
Earthquake Effects
25 November 2009
“Seismo”.
25 November 2009
http://www.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/100/effects-kobe-htm
•
No Author
Kobe Climate and Weather
24 November 2009
“World 66”.
24 November 2009
http://www.world66.com/asia/northeastasia/japan/honshu/kobe/lib/climate
•
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kobe
News Agent Reuter
Death Toll Increases In Kobe Earthquake
The Washington Post
4 Febuary, 1995
25 November, 2009
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-819387.html
Bibliography 3
•
Waugh, David and Bushell, Tony
Key Geography New Interactions
CHELTENHAM, UK
Nelson Thornes Ltd.
2002