Transcript Flipbook science review

5th Grade Science
“Science is not belief, but
the will to find out,”
Unknown Author
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Scientific Process
Science Equipment & Measurement
Magnifying
glass
Size
Balance
Mass
(g/kg)
Graduated
Cylinder
Volume
(ml/L)
Thermometer
Temperature
(°C)
Goggles
Safety
Ruler
Length
(mm/cm/m/km)
Stopwatch
Time
(sec/mins)
Scientific Process, Equipment & Measurement
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Hotplate
Apply Heat
Evaluating Charts and Graphs
5 Steps to Evaluating Charts and Graphs:
1. Look for the title of the chart/graph
2. Look for the labels on the chart/graph
3. Look for a key to help you interpret
4. Record the totals for each data point on a bar/line graph.
5. Look for patterns on the data represented.
Evaluating Models and Promotional Materials
Evaluating
Promotional
Materials
1. Review
3 Steps to Examining a Model
1. Does it have all the parts?
2. Infer
3. Relate
2. Does the model make sense?
3. How can it be improved?
Evaluating Charts, Graphs, Models & Promotional Materials
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Ecosystems of the World
Ecosystems are large scale environments, where certain animals
and plants live. The climate there determines which organisms are
able to survive and which aren’t. They include:
Deserts, Rainforests, Tundras, Grasslands, & Deciduous Forests.
dry & hot hot & humid cold & dry
warm & wet
seasonable
Sometimes natural disasters or
humans can cause an ecosystem to
change. This might cause the plants
and animals that live there to move,
or even die. Things like volcanoes,
pollution, earthquakes, forest fires,
flooding, tsunamis, and tornadoes
can cause this to happen.
Organisms and How They Interact With the Environment
Prey- animal that is eaten.
Ex. Deer
Predator- animal that hunts
Ex. Lion
Producer- plants that make food.
Ex. Grass
Consumer- animal that gets food.
Ex. Frog
Decomposer- bacteria that eats the remains Ex. Fungus
3 types of consumers:
Energy is transferred from the Sun to
Herbivores- plant eaters
Carnivores- meat eaters
Omnivores- eat both plants and meat
Food Chain: One example of the
flow of energy in an ecosystem
the plants, to herbivores, to the
carnivores.
So food chains and webs represent the
flow of energy in an ecosystem.
Food Web: Multiple food chains showing
how energy moves in an ecosystem.
Ecosystems, Organisms and Reactions with Environment
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Survival & Adaptation: Types
Protection
Camouflage
Defense
Getting Food
Claws
Beaks
Getting
Oxygen
Gills
Blowhole
Conserving
Water
In Leaves
In Stomachs
Life Cycles and Change
Metamorphosis refers to the way organisms develop, grow, & change.
Incomplete Metamorphosis only
has three stages, egg, nymph &
adult. The nymph will resemble
the adult but will be wingless.
Complete Metamorphosis has
four stages, egg, larva, pupa,
adult. The larva will not resemble
the adult stage at all.
Survival & Adaptations, Life Cycle & Change
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eating
habits
Traits and Behaviors
Traits &
Behaviors
Learned
Behaviors
Inherited Traits &
Behaviors
Things that are
taught to you or
have been
learned from
experience.
spoken
language
Characteristics you
are born with.
likes &
dislikes
Other things we learn
over time or are taught.
eye color
fur/skin
color
Leaf shape
Our inherited traits
come from our parents
Cycles That Support Life
The water cycle
provides plants
and animals with
water to meet one
of their basic
needs and survive.
The carbon cycle uses the
process of photosynthesis
to take in carbon dioxide,
sunlight and water, to
produce oxygen for plants
and animals, and food for
itself.
Traits and Behaviors & Cycles that Support Life
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Systems and Cycles in Space
Our solar system in located in There are 8 planets in the solar system, the first 4
are the inner planets, and the next 4 are the outer
the Milky Way Galaxy.
planets. The Sun’s gravity keeps them in orbit.
The Earth rotates
on an imaginary
axis. It take 24
hours or 1 day for
it to complete one
complete turn.
As the earth orbits the Sun and
As the Earth rotates on its
turns on its axis, the moon
axis, it also orbits around the
orbits the Earth. As it does
Sun. It takes the earth 365
this we can see a pattern of
days to complete on
change over about 30 days.
revolution around the Sun.
There is the new moon, first
The Earth’s tilt, along with its
quarter, full moon, and last
revolution around the Sun is
what causes our seasons.
quarter. Then the cycle begins
again.
The Earth, Moon, and Sun form a system.
Earth’s Structure and Change
The Earth is made of three layers, core, mantle & crust. The crust is the
part that we inhabit and the part that changes the most. The crust has
many land features known as landforms. These are made through
different processes on Earth.
Rapid Changes
Volcanoes
Slow Changes
Weathering
*Adds new layers to
Earth’s surface. Destroys
ecosystem around it.
Slow change over time
that break down rock
by wind, water, ice and
growth of plant roots.
Earthquakes
*Sudden movement of
plates beneath surface
cause changes in the
Earth’s surface.
Erosion
Landslides
Deposition
Mass movement of land
due to gravity or other
conditions that
destabilize the land.
Soil, sand & sediment
is carried away and
new land is formed.
Movement of soil, sand,
or sediment by wind,
water or ice.
Glaciers
Large sheet of moving
ice that weathers and
erodes the surface as it
moves.
Systems & Cycles in Space, Earth’s Structure & Change
Weather, The Water Cycle and the Role of the Sun
Energy from the Sun
powers the water cycle.
The Sun helps plants go
through photosynthesis to
reduce CO2, produce O2 &
make their own food.
Constant moving water
helps to shape the surface
of the Earth and guide
weather patterns
High Pressure =
air is sinking, this
causes dry air,
clear skies, and
little to no
precipitation.
Low Pressure = air
is lifting, this
causes rain, snow,
ice, and cloudy and
stormy conditions
to occur.
Weather Maps
Cold fronts travel south
(triangle strand), warm fronts
travel northward (half circles).
Climate is different from
weather. It is the weather in a
certain region over a long
period of time. For example,
Midland has a mild climate. It
only get cold for short spells
over the year. We are too far
south. So, our climate is
warmer compared to North
Earth’s Resources
Earth has materials found naturally that we
can use for a variety of things. They are
divided into the three groups shown below.
Renewable
Resources
Nonrenewable
Resources
Alternative
Resources
Plants
Animals
Water
Oxygen
Soil
Oil
Natural Gas
Coal
Minerals
Geothermal
Hydroelectric
Bio-fuels
Solar
Wind
Recycle
Limited
Endless
Fossil Fuels form over millions of years. Dead
plants and animals are buried by layers of
sediment. Over time, through heat and pressure,
they turn into coal, oil and natural gas.
Sedimentary Rock layers tell a
story of the past. They are
formed when layers of soil,
sand, sediment and rock are
deposited along with water to
form the layers over time.
Fossils can be found here and
can also tell us about the
climate from the past.
Alternative Energy is the phrase we use to
describe alternatives to oil, coal and natural gas.
We are finding ways to utilize what we find
naturally on earth in a better and cheaper way.
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biofuel
Hydroelectric
Soil is a very important
renewable resource.
Depending on the type, it can
have a different texture, ability
to retain water, and support
life.
Weather, Water Cycle, Role of the Sun, Earth’s Resources
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Forms of Energy & Their Properties
Kinetic Energy: energy that is in motion. Energy can be seen.
Potential Energy: energy that can not be seen (stored energy).
Energy is the ability to do work and it exist in many forms.
Thermal
Energy
Electrical
Energy
Light
Energy
Sound
Energy
Mechanical
Energy
Bending
Refraction
Bouncing
Reflection
Sound
Vibrations
Energy in Motion
P
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Electrical energy moves in
a path. A closed path can
be used to do work.
C
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Energy that is used
to move things is
called force.
P
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H
Other Force Factor Include:
Gravity
Friction
Mass
Forms of Energy, Their Properties, & Energy in Motion
Physical Properties of Matter
Matter is all around us. Each type of matter has physical
properties that make it unique. Some examples are shown below:
States of Matter
Mass
Magnetism
Freezing point
Density
Solubility
Insulation
Water Boils
at 100ºC
&
Freezes at 0ºC
Conduction
Boiling point
Changes in States of Matter
Matter is always changing:
Cooling
Heating
Physical Property of Matter, Changes in States of Matter
Properties of Mixtures & Solutions
Mixtures are two or more
substances mixed together.
Each substance maintains its
unique physical properties.
The mixture is easy to
separate.
Solutions are mixtures of two
or more substances. Each
substance usually does not
maintain its physical
properties. They are more
difficult to separate