Transcript Earth`s Surface Features

Constructive Process
Essential Questions
• What are surface features?
• What are examples of constructive
process?
• How can a surface feature be changed by
a constructive process?
• What are surfaces features caused by
constructive processes?
Constructive Process
• Deposition –
– a process of dropping sediment, dirt, rocks,
or particles in on place.
Constructive Process
Examples of Deposition
Constructive
Process
Deposition
Force
Surface Feature
Created
water / river Deltas
water / river Floodplains
water / ocean Beaches and
Barrier Islands
wind
Sand dunes
Ice / glacier
Moraines
Other Constructive Processes
Constructive
Force
Process
Folding
plate
movements
Faulting
plate
movements
Earthquake plate
movements
Volcanic
plate
Activity
movements
Surface
Feature
mountains
Mountains
cliffs (fault
scarp)
mountains /
islands
Constructive Process Lesson
Review
1. Deposition is a process that
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dissolves sediment
Breaks down rock to form sediment
Removes sediment from landforms
Drops sediment to form landforms
Lesson Review
2. Where do deltas form?
A.
B.
C.
D.
In desert areas
At river mouths
On the banks of rivers
In valleys formed by glaciers
Lesson Review
3. Long shore currents in the ocean help
create
A.
B.
C.
D.
Beaches
Dunes
Rivers
Drumlins
Lesson Review
4. Volcanoes can create new land when
they release
A.
B.
C.
D.
Lava
Water
Faults
mud
Lesson Review
5. What forms moraines?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Wind
Rivers
Glaciers
Volcanoes
Constructive Process
Essential Questions
• What are surface features?
– Surface features are landforms and bodies of
water that cover the Earth’s surface such as:
• Mountains, valleys, canyons, gorges, beaches,
sand dunes, barrier Islands, flood-plains,
moraines, and drumlins, volcanoes, oceans, lakes,
and rivers
Constructive Process
Essential Questions
• What are examples of constructive
process?
– Deposition
– Volcanic Activity
– Earthquake Activity
– Faulting
– Folding
Constructive Process
Essential Questions
• How can a surface feature be changed by
a constructive process?
– By forces such as wind, water, ice, through
the process of deposition.
– The movement of the Earth’s crust
• Plate Tectonics (movements)
Do Earth surface features and
planet surface feature tutorials
• The learning is in the Discussion!!
Constructive Process
Essential Questions
• What are surface
features formed
from constructive
processes?
•
•
•
•
Delta
Floodplains
Barrier island
Sand dune
•
•
•
•
•
Moraine
Drumlin
Islands
Mountain Ranges
Cliffs – Fault Scarps
Destructive Process
Essential Questions
• What are examples of destructive
processes?
• How are surface features changed by
destructive processes?
• What are examples of surface features
caused by destructive processes?
Destructive Processes
• Weathering – The breaking down of rock
– Mechanical / Physical
• Freezing and thawing of Rock
• Water freezing and expanding in cracks of rock
• Impact of organisms
– Plant roots growing
– Animals burrowing
– Chemical
• Oxidation / rusting
• Carbonic Acid / acid rain
– Caverns
• Impact of organisms
– Acid from Lichen
Destructive Process
• Erosion – Movement of rock from one place to another
– Water / Rivers
• Canyons
• Gorges
• V shaped Valleys
– Water / Ocean Waves
• Sea arches
• Sea stacks
– Wind
• Buttes
• Desert pavements
– Ice / Glaciers
• U shape Valleys
– Gravity
• Mass Wasting
Destructive Process
• Volcanic Activity
– Movement of Earths Crust (Plate tectonics)
• Reshaping of Mountains
• Earthquakes
– Movement of Earths Crust (Plate tectonics)
• Trenches
– cracks in the Earth Curst
Lesson Review
1. What is weathering?
A. A type of climate
B. The transport of sediment
C. The breakdown of rock
D. The aging of rock
Lesson Review
2. Which of theses is caused by
chemical weathering?
A.
B.
C.
D.
desert pavement
formation of U-shaped valleys
formation of rust
ice expanding in cracks in rock at is
weathering?
Lesson Review
3. How do earthquakes change the
land?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They transport sediment.
They form cracks in the surface.
They release ash and lava.
They cause chemical weathering.
Lesson Review
4. A river can form
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sea arches.
U-shaped valleys.
V-shaped valleys.
Desert pavement.
Destructive Process
Essential Questions
• What are examples of destructive
processes?
– Weathering
• Mechanical / Physical
• Chemical
– Erosion
– Volcanic Activity
– Earthquake Acuity
Destructive Process
Essential Questions
• How are surface features changed by
destructive processes?
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Freezing and thawing of the earth’s crust
Freezing water in cracks of rock
Oxidation / rusting
Carbonic acid / acid rain
Impact of organisms
Water / rivers and oceans
Ice / glaciers
Wind
Gravity
Movement of earth’s plates / plate tectonics
Destructive Process
Essential Questions
• What are examples of surface features
caused by destructive processes?
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Caverns / Carbonic Acid
V-shaped valleys / River water
Canyon / gorges / River water
Sea arches / Ocean Waves
Sea stacks / Ocean Waves
Buttes / Wind
Desert pavements / Wind
Reshaped mountains / Volcanoes
Trenches / Earthquakes
Controlling Constructive and
Destructive Processes EQ
• How can constructive and destructive
processes be controlled through the use of
technology?
• How does technology affect constructive
and destructive processes?
• What are examples of technology used to
control constructive and destructive
processes?
Effects on Constructive
Processes
• Dam – a structure built across a river to
control its flow
– Positive Effect
• Flood Control
• Hydroelectric Power
– Negative Effect
• Holds back sediment
– Prevents deposition of flood plains, deltas, and beaches
Effects on Destructive
Processes
• Prevention of beach erosion
– Groin – a structure built perpendicular to the beach.
• Positive Effect
– Traps sand that moves along the shore and causing the beach to
build up.
• Negative Effect
– Beach Erosion down stream is worse.
– Seawall – a structure built parallel to the shore
• Positive Effect
– Protects land behind if from ocean the ocean waves
• Negative Effect
– Ocean side beach will erode
– Beach Nourishment – sand from ocean or nearby rivers are
pumped onto the beach
Effects on Destructive
Processes
• Prevention of beach erosion (cont)
– Seawall – a structure built parallel to the
shore
• Positive Effect
–Protects land behind if from ocean
the ocean waves
• Negative Effect
–Ocean side beach will erode
– Beach Nourishment – sand from ocean or
nearby rivers are pumped onto the beach
Effects on Destructive
Processes
• Prevention of soil erosion
– Contour Plowing – method in which farmers plow across the
sided of hill instead of down
– Terracing – the planting of corps on terraces (steps) built
into steep hillsides.
– Windbreaks – rows of plants or fences.
• Slow down wind and limit the distance it can carry soil.
– Vegetation – used to hold soil in place
– Storm drain management – a system of drains
• Prevents flooding and soil erosion
Effects of Volcanoes and
Earthquakes
• Volcanoes and Earthquakes can not be
controlled;
– However scientist have ways to determine when
and where these they might occur.
• Volcanoes –
– instruments are used to detect changes in volcanoes
• Earthquakes –
–
–
–
–
–
Detailed maps show major faults
Safety Education
No new buildings on or near faults
Building codes to resists earthquakes
Seismographs – measures earthquakes on a rector scale
Lesson Review
1. What is the purpose of a groin?
A. to strengthen dams
B. to stop beach erosion
C. to create new sediment on
shorelines
D. to break down headlands
Lesson Review
2. Beaches that have eroded are
reclaimed through
A. weathering.
B. building of seawalls.
C. beach nourishment.
D. building of terraces.
Lesson Review
3. Which of these is not a way to
prevent soil erosion?
A. planting vegetation
B. contour plowing
C. building windbreaks
D. building dams
Lesson Review
4. Scientist know where
earthquakes will occur because
they know the locations of
A. faults
B. volcanoes
C. mountains
D. long-shore currents.
Lesson Review
5. Which of these do scientists use
to predict when a volcano is likely
to erupt?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the age of the volcano
earthquakes beneath the volcano
temperature of nearby rivers
the hardness of rock near the
volcano
Unit Review
1. What landform forms from
deposition at the mouths of
rivers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a delta
a floodplain
a sand dune
a moraine
Unit Review
2. Deposition forms these features
on coasts.
A.
B.
C.
D.
drumlins
floodplains
barrier islands
U-shaped valleys
Unit Review
3. What causes V shaped valleys to
form?
A.
B.
C.
D.
deposition at river mouths
erosion by rivers
weathering by wind
erosion by glaciers
Unit Review
5. Which of these helps prevent the
harmful effects of erosion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
dams
volcanoes
Long-shore currents
contour plowing
Unit Review
6. In which type of climate are you
most likely to find a sand dune tht
is not on the coast?
A.
B.
C.
D.
dry
humid
icy
hot
Unit Review
8. What does erosion do?
A.
B.
C.
D.
breaks down rock physically
moves broken pieces of rock
changes rock chemically
change sediment into rock