Transcript Slide 1
POPULATION Settlement & Population Urbanisation Process of people moving into towns and cities Urban regeneration Making a bad part of the city better (sustainably) HDI Human development Index (measure of development) Birth Rate Amount of babies born per 1000 Death Rate Amount of deaths per 1000 Demographic Transition model 5 stages of development plotting, B.R, D.R and total population. Natural Increase Population rising or falling (decrease) Population Density Amount of people living in 1square km Population Distribution Where people live within a certain area Push & Pull Factors Reasons to leave & reasons to move there Migration Movement of people for work or permanent living. Immigration Moving into a country (immigrant) Emigration Moving out of a country (emigrant) Refugee A person/s forced to move from their home area Population Control Trying to increase or decrease population of an area. SETTLEMENT Site The actual land a settlement is built on Situation The land and resources that surround an area Function What purpose a settlement has CBD Central Business District – centre of a town/city Burgess Model A concentric ring model of how settlements grow Sphere of Influence How far people will travel to use a settlement Hierarchy A way of ranking from top to bottom Greenbelt An area of protected countryside around a settlement Self Help Schemes Training and providing materials for locals to help themselves Shanty town / Slum A informal part of a city – extremely poor Threshold Maximum or minimum people required POPULATION Urbanisation Urban regeneration HDI Birth Rate Death Rate Demographic Transition model Natural Increase Population Density Population Distribution Push & Pull Factors Migration Immigration Emigration Refugee Population Control SETTLEMENT Site Situation Function CBD Burgess Model Sphere of Influence Hierarchy Greenbelt Self Help Schemes Shanty town / Slum Threshold Settlement & Population EARTH STRUCTURE Natural hazards & People Crust Top layer of the earth Tectonic Plate Sections of the crust Lava Melted rock above ground Magma Melted Rock in Volcano's Core Centre of the earth (inner & outer) Conservative Boundary Plates rubbing alongside each-other. Constructive Boundary Plates pulling apart Collision Boundary Plates push towards each other: Same density Destructive Boundary Plates pushing towards each-other: Oceanic sinks Convection Currents The movements of the magma (moves plates) EARTHQUAKES Epicentre Start of the earthquake Focus Main point of the earthquake on the crust Hypocentre The centre of the quake under the crust Seismic Wave Movement of energy from an earthquake shock Magnitude The strength of an earthquake. (Richter Scale) VOLCANOES Shield Volcano A volcano created by layers of lava and ash. Pyroclastic Flow Poisonous Ash Cloud Vent Where magma comes out and becomes lava EFFECTS Primary Effects that happen when the hazard happens Secondary Effects that happen after the natural hazard has finished EARTH STRUCTURE Crust Tectonic Plate Lava Magma Core Conservative Boundary Constructive Boundary Collision Boundary Destructive Boundary Convection Currents EARTHQUAKES Epicentre Focus Hypocentre Seismic Wave Magnitude VOLCANOES Shield Volcano Pyroclastic Flow Vent EFFECTS Primary Secondary Natural hazards & People Economic activity INDUSTRY Heavy Industry Making things (steel) secondary industry Footloose Industry High tech modern industry Industrialisation More factories in an area De-industrialisation Less factories in an area NIC Newly Industrialised country TNC / MNC Trans / Multi national corporation (Ford) Primary Jobs using the land or sea Secondary Making things Tertiary Providing a service Quaternary Research and science jobs Raw Materials Items from the earth (coal) Systems Inputs – Processes – Outputs - Feedback Tourism Making money from holidays and tourists. Economic activity INDUSTRY Heavy Industry Footloose Industry Industrialisation De-industrialisation NIC TNC / MNC Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Raw Materials Systems Tourism