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Regions Regions How the earth is divided for study. Geographers choose how they will classify the world based on common characteristics. 3 Types of Regions • Formal • Functional • Perceptual A. Formal Region • • Based on cold hard facts A place with similar attributes or characteristics – a common human or physical property such as • political identity, • climate, • landforms B. Functional Region Organized around a focal point (node), that include areas that are linked to them through communication patterns, transportation routes, or even television broadcasts. C. Perceptual Region A place defined by popular feelings and attitudes rather than by objective data. A resident of Katy, TX watches the Houston news on Fox. This is an example of a • formal region • functional region • perceptual region The American Midwest is an example of a A. Formal Region B. Functional Region C. Perceptual Region Which of the following is most clearly a functional region? A. B. C. D. Brazil Northern European Plains Dallas/Ft. Worth Metroplex Middle East To which cultural region do all of these statements most Likely apply Most people speak Spanish A. B. C. D. The dominant religion is Catholicism Canada Latin America United States Europe It has a blending of Spanish and Native American cultures THE HISTORY OF REGIONS: How does a region change over time? These two continents contain many, many physical is how people adapted to the regionsHere that are geographically connected. different regions changed in these Here What is what happened in regions? these regions….How did that happen? This continent is the only continent that Here is how it was first settled… is also ONE country… Here whatyou happened in the How is would describe the difference between the first and second era shown? region… Which pattern of settlement led to the original populating of Australia and Oceania? A The earliest settlers likely arrived from Southeast Asia and sailed to the islands across Oceania. B Most original inhabitants likely evolved from early humans arriving from Africa across the Indian Ocean. C There were no original inhabitants of most land in the region until the arrival of English and Dutch explorers. D Australia likely was populated by tribes sailing from South America while Oceania received most settlers from East Asia. Regions We Studied Important Ideas Five Oceans ▪ Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Southern SevenContinents ▪ Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and SouthAmerica Latitude, landforms, and nearness to bodies of water greatly affect climate Landforms, soil and climate greatly affect the plants and animals that can be found in each place NORTHAMERICA World’s third largest continent Located in theWestern Hemisphere Bordered by the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic Oceans and the Gulf of Mexico Cultural Regions World Cultural Regions • North America – English speaking – Democratically elected governments – Individual regions within share regional accents, favorite foods and fashion NORTHAMERICA Physical Features Mountains ▪ Rocky Mountains ▪ Appalachian Mountains Bodies ofWater ▪ St. Lawrence River ▪ Mississippi River ▪ The Great Lakes ▪ Rio Grande ▪ Panama Canal Plains ▪ The Great Plains SOUTHAMERICA World’s Forth Largest Continent Located in theWestern Hemisphere Lies between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean SOUTHAMERICA Physical Features Mountains ▪ Andes Mountains (longest range in the world) Grasslands and Plains ▪ Pampas Rainforests ▪ Amazon Rainforest Bodies ofWater ▪ Amazon River ▪ Orinoco River ▪ Rio de la Plata Climate ▪ Warm due to location near the equator Cultural Regions World Cultural Regions • Latin America – Mostly Spanish speaking – Mostly Catholic – Colonized by Spain and Portugal – Most Latin Americans are a mixture of Native Americans and Europeans EUROPE Second Smallest Continent “Peninsula of Peninsulas” Ends at the Ural Mountains and contains part of Russia Turkey also straddles Asia and Europe EUROPE Mountains Pyrenees Apennines Balkans Bodies ofWater Baltic and North Seas Mediterranean and Black Seas Danube, Rhine, Loire, Rhone, Elbe,Vistula, andVolga Rivers Cultural Regions World Cultural Regions • Europe – Borrows from the cultures of the Middle East and Africa due to its close location – Greeks were the first to develop their own civilization – Speak a multitude of languages – Mostly Christian PHYSICAL PROCESSES: How do physical forces affect a region? LITHOSPHERE How do “tectonic forces” affect a region? Ridge-Push by diverging convection currents Subduction by converging convection currents Magm a apart by ‘Ridge-Push’ Continents pushed Continental Crust pulled over the Oceanic Crust Subduction of oceanic Crust by ‘Slab Pull’ THE HESS CONVECTION CURRENT ‘SLAB-PULL’- ‘RIDGE PUSH’ MODEL How do “tectonic forces” affect a region? How does “erosion” affect a region? WATER WIND SOIL GRAVITY How does “weather” affect a region? How does a region affect the weather? “Orographic” Effect Where would the “orographic effect” be most likely? Great Plains Basin and Ridge Interior Lowlands Coastal Plains All of the following are tectonic forces that shape the surface of the earth except A subduction B spreading C transformation D transpiration The Middle East consists of mountains, upland plateaus and valleys. These physical features are the result of: A erosion B tectonic forces C deposition D weathering The same tectonic force, many Ring of Fire continents… Because of its location along the "Ring of Fire," Japan is particularly susceptible to which of the following hazards? A. earthquakes and volcanoes B. floodings and droughts C. monsoons and floodings D. earthquakes and tornados The Pacific Islands in the Ring of Fire are affected by all of the following except — A volcanoes B earthquakes C tsunamis D tornadoes WEATHER AND CLIMATE When is it hottest, when is it coldest, where and why? Who can tell me: What does this have to do with climate or weather? WINTER for Us, SUMMER for Australia SUMMER for Us, WINTER for Australia Which of the following is MOST directly responsible for the different seasons on Earth? A rotation B revolution C solstices D tilt Who can tell me: What does LATITUDE have to do with climate and weather? Equator always gets it. Who can tell me: What does ELEVATION have to do with climate and weather? The higher, the colder. (Less dense air can’t hold heat.) Hint: Air Density The lower, the warmer. (Dense air holds heat.) Which of the following is not correlated to temperature? A Longitude B Latitude C Elevation D. Continentality Which of the following statements is true concerning the climates of the U.S. and Canada? A The U.S. has more varied climate zones than Canada. B Canada has more varied climate zones than the U.S. C Both the U.S. and Canada have tropical wet climate zones. D Neither the U.S. or Canada has tropical wet climate zones. Factors that Affect Climate