Transcript walpolebms.ss5.sharpschool.com

The Layers of the
Earth
Objectives
• Identify the Four Layers of the Earth
• Describe characteristics of those layers
• Know which layer is the thickest
Warm Up
How are an apple and the earth similar?
In your notebook, write as many thoughts as possible.
How are an apple and the earth
similar?
■
■
Both have layers
■ Both have a very thin top layer
■ Both have a core
■ The “pulp” of the apple is the
thickest part, like the mantle is
the thickest part of the earth.
Four Layers of the
Earth
Which table can name all four?
Characteristics of Each
Layer
Predict: What characteristics might we want to
know about each layer?
●
●
●
●
●
●
Thickness
(Distance from one section to the next)
Temperature
Composition (what it’s made of)
State
Density (how much stuff per unit of space)
Pressure
Crust
Two types: Oceanic and Continental
●
Thickness
○ Oceanic: 0-10Km
○ Continental: 0-50Km
●
Temperature:
●
Composition
○ Oceanic: Basalt and Silicate Rocks
○ Continental: Quartz, Feldspar, and Granite
●
State:
●
Density
○ Oceanic: 3.0 - 3.9 g/cm3
○ Continental: 2.7-3.0 g/cm3
●
Pressure:
0 - 1000 C
Solid
Lowest
Lithosphere
●
Location:
Uppermost Mantle and Crust
●
Thickness:
0 - 75 Km
●
Composition
○ Oceanic: Basalt
○ Continental: Granite
Asthenosphere
●
Location:
Below Lithosphere. Part of the Mantle.
●
Thickness:
75 - 260 Km
●
Composition:
Like a putty. More iron and magnesium than crust
Mantle
●
Thickness:
●
Temperature:
1,000 - 3,700 C
●
Composition:
Silicon, magnesium, oxygen
Silicate (iron and magnesium) can flow.
●
State:
Semi - Solid
●
Density:
3.3 - 3.7 g/cm3
●
Pressure:
2885 Km
Lower pressure,
Increases as you go deeper.
Outer Core
●
Thickness:
●
Temperature:
3,700 - 5,000 C
●
Composition:
Iron mixed with nickel and sulfur
●
State:
Liquid
●
Density:
9.9 to 12.2 g/cm3
●
Pressure:
Higher pressure
2270 Km
Inner Core
●
Thickness:
●
Temperature:
4,300 - 7,000 C
●
Composition:
Iron, nickel and some sulfur
●
State:
Solid
●
Density:
12.6 0 13.0 g/cm3
●
Pressure:
Highest
1216 Km
Look back at your notes. What trends do you
notice?
(Patterns about temperature, pressure, density, etc.)
● Three things increase as you go deeper, closer to the core…
○ Temperature
○ Pressure
○ Density
Diagram the Earth
Color the layers according to the key
Label the 4 layers
Show what happens to temperature as
you move closer to the earth’s core.
Show what happens to density as you
move towards the earth’s core.
How do we know all
this?
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem
/earthsstructure/
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem
/platetectonics/
A Quick Game
http://quizlet.com/9125673/8-science-insideearth-flash-cards/
Layers of the Earth
Rap
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiHRI_Z2Kgs