Transcript OCEAN BASIN FLOOR - ES-Emerald(2010

BASIN OCEAN
FLOOR
Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students
are expected to:

•
identify the major features of the Ocean
Basin Floor and the Oceanic Ridge
•
label the features of the Ocean Floor
•
List and describe the three types of
Seafloor Sediment
The OCEAN BASIN FLOOR lies
between the continental margin
and the oceanic ridge.

Ocean Basin Floor
o Deep-ocean
trenches
o Abyssal plains
o Seamounts
DEEP-OCEAN
TRENCHES are
long, relatively
narrow creases in
the seafloor that
form the deepest
parts of the ocean
 volcanic island
arc- arc shaped row
of active volcanoes
 Challenger
Deep(Mariana
Trench)
- the deepest known part of
the world ocean
ABYSSAL PLAINS
are deep, incredibly flat features.
These regions are likely the most
level places on Earth.
SEAMOUNTS are
isolated volcanic
peaks which
may rise
hundreds of
meters above
the surrounding
topography.
 Some
are formed as a result of hot
spots while others may form near
oceanic ridges
 Volcanic
1.
2.
3.
4.
islands in the Atlantic
Azores
Ascension
Tristan da Cunha
St. Helena
 GUYOTS
or
TABLEMOUNTS
are submerged,
flat-topped
seamounts.
Oceanic ridge or Mid-Ocean ridge
Is topographically elevated feature that is
found near the center of the most ocean
basins.
It is characterized by extensive faulting
and numerous volcanic structures that
have developed on the newly formed
crust.
MID-OCEAN RIDGE
Mid-Ocean Ridge
TERRIGENOUS
SEDIMENTS
BIOGENOUS SEDIMENTS
HYDROGENOUS SEDIMENTS
SEAFLOOR
SEDIMENTS
o consist
primarily of mineral grains
that were weathered from
continental rocks
o accumulates slowly (500050,000yrs to deposit 1cm abyssal
clay layer
o color may be red or brown
TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTS
Biological origin- primarily
shells and skeletons of
marine animals and algae.
BIOGENOUS SEDIMENTS
o Calcareous
oozes
-remains of foraminifera and
coccolithophores
-may form chalk
o Siliceous
oozes
-remains of radiolarians and diatoms
o Phosphate-rich
materials
-from bones, teeth and scales of fish
Types of Biogenous sediments
 Consist
of
minerals that
crystallize
directly from
seawater
through various
chemical
reactions

maa
HYDROGENOUS SEDIMENTS
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