Transcript Aerobic Respiration

Chapter 4: Respiration
aka: Getting energy from the cake
Think of Photosynthesis like
baking a cake.
The plant takes the raw
materials (CO2 & H2O), puts
them together using energy
(heat), & synthesize the cake.
In order to get the energy out of
the cake, the plant & us must
ingest it (eat), digest it (break it
down into its monomers) & then
we must “burn it” to release the
energy stored in the bonds of the
cake.
THIS IS RESPIRATION
Relationship between
photosynthesis and Respiration
video
How do we get the energy out of
the food that we have consumed?
Cellular Respiration
Is the process by which organisms obtain
the energy that they need by releasing the
chemical energy (ATP) stored in nutrients
(Glucose)
It can occur with oxygen: Aerobic
Or without oxygen: Anaerobic
The route from food to energy
GLUCOSE
Goes through
Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
Then
With oxygen
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Aerobic Respiration
Makes a lot of ATP
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Two Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration – needs oxygen to release the energy in food
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP
Anaerobic Respiration – can release the energy from food without
the need of oxygen. (Some bacteria & yeast)
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
2CO2 + 2 Ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP
Lactic acid + 2ATP
All cells begin with the Anaerobic phase of Respiration called Glycolysis
1. Glycolysis Glen
Glucose (6 Carbons) is broken down into 2 Pyruvate(3
Carbons each) molecules but needed 2 ATP (activation energy)
to get the reaction started
Produces 4 ATP, netting 2 ATP
2 ATP
2ADP + P
2ATP
After Glycolysis, if no oxygen is present,
then, Anaerobic Respiration occurs
Also known as Fermentation
Occurs in the cytoplasm of yeast & some
bacterial cells
Cytoplasm
Since the organism are very small & simple,
they do not need much ATP.
2 ATP per molecule of glucose is plenty.
Fermentation
The 2 Pyruvic Acids will break down into:
1. Alcohol + CO2 (if yeast & some bacteria)
C6H12O6
2CO2 + 2 Ethanol + 2 ATP
2. Lactic Acid (some bacteria)
C6H12O6
Lactic acid + 2ATP
Both forms will not produce
any more ATP molecules
Uses for Fermentation
Yeast & some bacteria
Alcoholic Fermentation is used in baking, wine making &
brewing industry
Bacteria
Lactic acid production is used in cheese processing,
buttermilk, sour cream, yogurt, sauerkraut, pickles. The souring
of dairy products is actually the production of lactic acid by
anaerobic bacteria
Aerobic Respiration
Occurs in the Mitochondria of Eukaryotic cells
Yields more ATP per molecule of glucose (38 molecules)
of ATP/Glucose
Occurs in 3 basic steps:
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron Transport chain
1. Glycolysis
Using 2 ATP as activation energy, a glucose
molecule is broken down into 2 Pyruvate molecules.
4 ATP are produced, leaving 2 ATP netted Occurs in
cytoplasm (just like anaerobic respiration)
2. Krebs Cycle – in the Mitochondria, the 2 pyruvates
are broken down, releasing 6CO2 & producing 2 ATP
3. Electron Transport Chain – Oxygen (the final
electron acceptor) combines with hydrogen to
produce WATER
34 ATP are produced
Krebs Cycle – releases all the Carbons, Hydrogens and oxygen from the
Pyruvate molecules
Carbon Dioxide
2 Carbon Dioxides
Energy Tally from Aerobic Respiration
34 ATP
38 ATP
Muscle Fatigue
You are a big organism & need a lot of ATP to keep you
fueled.
At times though, you may not be breathing correctly &
therefore, aren’t taking in enough O2 to remain an aerobic
organism.
During this time, your body (muscle cells) convert to
anaerobic respiration to give you some ATP.
Hey 2 ATP are better than none!
Lactic acid accumulates in your muscle cells, acid burns
the cells, causing you to cramp up & thus stop your
activity & breathe normally
Feel the burn!!!!
Section 4.4 Review—Part A
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm of all cells
What goes into glycolysis? What comes out of glycolysis?
IN: Glucose
OUT: 2 ATP & 2, 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate
When does fermentation occur? When oxygen is not present
What are the two different types of fermentation?
Lactic acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Aerobic Respiration
after
Occurs _______glycolysis
the presence of oxygen
Only in __
oxygen
Requires _________
Aerobic
_________
process
Takes place inside the
Mitochondria
_____________
Where does aerobic respiration
happen?
In the mitochondria!
Mitochondria
_______________
are organelles that convert the chemical
energy stored in food into compounds that are more
convenient for the cell to use
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration
1. Kreb’s cycle
o Pyruvate is broken down and released as
________
in a series of energy-extracting
CO2
reactions
2 ATP are generated
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration
Electron ___________
transport ________
chain
2. __________
o Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle
to convert ADP into ATP
o _____________
34 ATP are produced
Section 4.4 Review—Part B
1. Where does aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria
2. What goes into the Kreb’s cycle? What comes out?
IN: 3 carbon molecule
OUT: ATP, CO2
3. What goes into electron transport? What comes out?
IN: Oxygen
OUT: Water and ATP!!!
4. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Reactants of one are basically the products of the other
RESPIRATION REVIEW
1.What are the 3 stages of Cellular Respiration, and how many ATP’s are
created with each?
Glycolosis -2 ATP
Kreb’s Cycle – 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain – 34 ATP
2.What is the “fuel” that allows cellular respiration to begin?
Glucose
3.How is Glycolysis different than Krebs and E.T.C.?
Glycolosis take place in the cytoplasm. Krebs
and ETC in the mitochondria
4.Why do humans not depend as much on Glycolysis for energy?
Only produces 2 ATP
5.Muscle pain after a workout is a result of the buildup of what
Lactic Acid
substance?
RESPIRATION SCENERIO
Consider a person who runs a 5K. Afterward, he is breathing heavily because he is
oxygen deficient. He is complaining of weak legs and is sweating profusely.
6. Because he is low in oxygen, what will accumulate in his muscles? Lactic acid_
7. Breathing heavily allows more oxygen to be taken in. What is the role of oxygen?
Pick up hydrogen atoms
8. Breathing heavily also allows excess CO2 to be removed. What process forms the
CO2?
Krebs Cycle
9. Sweat helps keep the body cool. How are sweating and ATP related?
ATP produces heat and sweat cools the body
10. What is the waste product of E.T.C.?
Water
11. What do you think the FIRST thing this runner will do after he finishes the race?
Drink water
Light energy  chemical energy
Chloroplasts
Water + CO2 + Light
Oxygen + Sugar
Water + CO2
+ Light
Sugar  ATP
Cytoplasm + Mitochondria
Oxygen + Sugar
Water + CO2 + ATP
Oxygen +
Sugar
Oxygen +
Sugar
Water + CO2
+ ATP
What is the relationship between
photosynthesis and respiration?
The reactants of one reaction are the products of the
other reaction.
They are the reverse processes of each other
Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY
Photosynthesis