Transcript Chapter 12

Chapter 12
12.1 Identifying the
Substance of
Genes
12.2 The Structure
of DNA
12.3 DNA
Replication
More DNA
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1. Which bacteria killed the mice in
Griffin’s transformation experiment?
A
live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria
B
live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
C
live harmful bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
D
live harmless bacteria, and live, harmful bacteria
A
live, harmless bacteria and
heat-killed, harmful bacteria
2. Griffith called the process he
observed transformation because
A
the mouse had been transformed.
B
the harmful bacteria had been transformed.
C
the harmless bacteria had been transformed.
D
the experiment had been transformed.
C
the harmless bacteria had
been transformed.
3. What did Avery conclude
caused transformation?
A
DNA was the transforming factor.
B
A protein was the transforming factor.
C
A carbohydrate was the transforming factor.
D
A lipid was the transforming factor.
A
DNA was the transforming
factor.
4. What happened when Griffith injected
mice with the harmless, R-strain bacteria
alone?
A
The bacteria transformed.
B
The mouse lived.
C
The mouse died.
D
The bacteria died.
B
The mouse lived.
5. What would have happened if Avery had added an
enzyme that digested all the nucleic acids to the mixture
of heat-killed bacteria, added the mixture to harmless
bacteria, and injected the mixture into mice?
A
The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have
died.
B
The harmless bacteria would not have been transfromed, and the mice would
have lived.
C
The harnless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would
have died.
D
The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have
lived.
B
The harmless bacteria
would not have been
transformed, and the mice
would have lived.
6. What property of DNA does
bacterial transformation illustrate?
A
Bacterial DNA cannot move into other bacteria and function.
B
Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function.
C
Bacterial DNA uses four nucleotides bases that work in pairs.
D
Bacterial DNA is found in a circular chromosome.
B
Bacterial DNA can move
into another bacteria and
function.
7. In Griffith’s bacterial
transformation experiments,
A
harmless bacteria change into harmful bacteria.
B
harmful bacteria change into harmless bacteria.
C
harmless bacteria are infected by viruses.
D
harmful bacteria are infected by viruses.
A
harmless bacteria change
into harmful bacteria.
8. What is inside a
bacteriophage?
A
protein
B
nucleic acid
C
lipid
D
carbohydrate
B
nucleic acid
9. What do bacteriophages
infect?
A
mice.
B
humans.
C
viruses.
D
bacteria.
D
bacteria.
10. Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral
DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not
radioactive sulfur?
A
DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur.
B
Proteins contain phosphorus and no sulfur.
C
DNA contains sulfur and little phosphorous.
D
Proteins acids contain sulfur and little phosphorous.
A
DNA contains phosphorus
and no sulfur.
11. Which part of the bacteriophage in
Figure 12–1 contains genetic material?
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
Figure 12–1
B
B
12. What stores information in a
cell?
A
proteins
B
carbohydrates
C
lipids
D
DNA
D
DNA
13. What happens when a piece
of DNA is missing?
A
Genetic information is stored.
B
Genetic information is copied.
C
Genetic information is lost.
D
Genetic information is transmitted.
C
Genetic information is
lost.
14. In what way is DNA like a
book?
A
DNA has information organized with an kind of index.
B
DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on.
C
DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover.
D
DNA has information that is periodically updated.
B
DNA has stored
information, that can be
copied and passed on.
15. In which cells is the accurate transmission of
information most important?
A
nerve cells
B
skin cells
C
sex cells
D
bone cells
C
sex cells
16. Figure 12–2 shows the
structure of
A
a DNA molecule.
B
an amino acid.
C
a RNA molecule.
D
a protein.
Figure 12–2
A
a DNA molecule.
17. Which of the following is a
nucleotide found in DNA?
A
adenine + phosphate group + thymine
B
cytosine + phosphate group + guanine
C
deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase
D
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
D
deoxyribose + phosphate
group + cytosine
18. Because of base pairing in
DNA, the percentage of
A
adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine
molecules.
B
thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine
molecules
C
adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine
molecules.
D
cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine
molecules.
B
thymine molecules in
DNA is about equal to the
percentage of adenine
molecules
19. The table in Figure 12–3 shows the results of
measuring the percentages of the four bases in the
DNA of several different organisms. Some of the
values are missing from the table. Based on
Chargaff’s rule, the percentages of guanine bases in
chicken DNA should be around
A
Nitrogenous Bases (%)
28.8%
A
B
Human
19.9%
Chicken
28.8
Bacterium
(S. lutea)
13.4
C
G
T
19.9
29.4
C
21.5
2
21.5%
D
13.4%
Figure 12–3
C
21.5%
20. Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentage
of cytosine in the DNA of the bacterium, S.
Lutea in Figure 12–3, should be around
A
26.6%.
Nitrogenous Bases (%)
B
73.2%.
C
A
Human
Chicken
28.8
Bacterium
(S. lutea)
13.4
G
T
19.9
29.4
C
21.5
2
36.6%.
D
29.4%.
Figure 12–3
C
36.6%.
21. What structural problem
prevents adenine from pairing with
guanine?
A
The bases are both short.
B
They lack phosphate groups.
C
They lack the deoxyribose group.
D
The bases are both long.
D
The bases are both long.
22. Which two bases pair
together in DNA?
A
adenine and guanine
B
guanine and thymine
C
thymine and cytosine
D
cytosine and guanine
D
cytosine and guanine
23. Avery’s experiments showed
that bacteria are transformed by
A
RNA.
B
DNA.
C
proteins.
D
carbohydrates.
B
DNA.
24. What did Griffith observe when he injected
a mixture of heat-killed, disease-causing
bacteria and live harmless bacteria into mice?
A
The disease-causing bacteria dies.
B
The mice developed pneumonia.
C
The harmless bacteria died.
D
The mice were unaffected.
B
The mice developed
pneumonia.
25. What would Hershey and Chase have
concluded if both radioactive 32P and 35S
were found in the bacteria in their
experiment?
A
The virus’s protein coat was not injected into the bacteria.
B
The virus’s DNA was not injected into the bacteria.
C
Genes are made of protein and carbohydrates.
D
Both the virus’s protein coat and its DNA were injected into the
bacteria.
D
Both the virus’s protein
coat and its DNA were
injected into the bacteria.
26. Avery’s experiment worked
because bacteriophages and bacteria
share which component?
A
proteins
B
carbohydrates
C
DNA
D
lipids
C
DNA
27. In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what happened to
the bacteria that had been infected by viruses that had
radioactive DNA, and to the bacteria that had been
infected with viruses that had been marked with
radioactive proteins?
A
The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had become radioactive. The bacteria
that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins were not radioactive.
B
The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive proteins had become radioactive. The
bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive DNA were not radioactive.
C
The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had become radioactive. The bacteria
that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins had also became
radioactive.
D
The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had not become radioactive. The
bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins had also not
become radioactive.
A
The bacteria infected with
viruses that had radioactive
DNA had become radioactive.
The bacteria that had been
infected with viruses marked
with radioactive proteins were
not radioactive.
28. Which scientist made x-ray
diffraction photos of DNA?
A
Franklin
B
Chargaff
C
Watson
D
Avery
A
Franklin
29. What is the chronological order
of the important discoveries in the
structure of DNA?
A
Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA  Chargaff’s ratios of
nucleotides  Watson and Crick identify the double helix
B
Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA  Watson and Crick
identify the double helix  Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides
C
Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides  Watson and Crick identify the double
helix  Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA
D
Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides  Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction
photo of DNA  Watson and Crick identify the double helix
D
Chargaff’s ratios of
nucleotides  Franklin
makes an X-ray diffraction
photo of DNA  Watson
and Crick identify the
double helix
30. The table in Figure 12–4 shows the
percentages of bases in a DNA sample. How
much Thymine should you expect to find in
the sample?
A
22%
B
24%
C
28%
D
44%
Figure 12–4
A
22%
31. What would happen to the
percentage of G in Figure 12–4 if the
percentage of A rose to 25%?
A
G would drop to 19%
B
G would drop to 25%
C
G would rise to 29%
D
G would rise to 32%
Figure 12–4
B
G would drop to 25%
32. Which of the following forms
a base pair with thymine?
A
deoxyribose
B
adenine
C
guanine
D
cytosine
B
adenine
33. What did Rosalind Franklin
contribute to the effort to identify
the structure of DNA?
A
models made of cardboard and wire showing the shape of DNA
B
the ratios of the two sets of nucleotide pairs in DNA
C
radioactive evidence that DNA carried the genetic code
D
x-ray diffraction photos of the DNA molecule
D
x-ray diffraction photos of
the DNA molecule
34. Watson and Crick discovered
the two strands in DNA
A
run in perpendicular directions.
B
run in the same direction.
C
run in opposite directions.
D
run in random directions.
C
run in opposite directions.
35. DNA replication results in
two DNA molecules,
A
each with two new strands.
B
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
C
each with one new strand and one original strand.
D
each with two original strands.
C
each with one new strand
and one original strand.
36. During DNA replication, a DNA
strand that has the bases CTAGGT
produces a strand with the bases
A
TCGAAC.
B
GATCCA.
C
AGCTTG.
D
GAUCCA.
B
GATCCA.
37. After DNA replication in
eukaryotes, the
A
DNA molecules unwind.
B
histones and DNA molecules separate.
C
DNA polymerase makes copies of DNA strands.
D
nucleosomes become more tightly packed.
D
nucleosomes become more
tightly packed.
38. Which of the following
include all the others?
A
DNA molecules
B
histones
C
chromosomes
D
nucleosomes
C
chromosomes
39. In Figure 12–5, what nucleotide is
going to be added at point 1,
opposite from thymine?
A
adenine
B
thymine
C
cytosine
D
guanine
Figure 12–5
A
adenine
40. In Figure 12–5, what is adding
base pairs to the strand?
A
histones
B
nucleosomes
C
DNA polymerase
D
Figure 12–5
chromatin
C
DNA polymerase
41. In eukaryotes, DNA
A
is located in the nucleus.
B
floats freely in the cytoplasm.
C
is located in the ribosomes.
D
is circular.
A
is located in the nucleus.
42. Which would be greater in a
eukaryote than in a prokaryote?
A
The percentage of guanine nucleotides.
B
The total number of base pairs in a chromosome.
C
The number of replication forks on a strand of DNA.
D
The total amount of DNA in a cell.
C
The number of replication
forks on a strand of DNA.
43 What binds to the prokaryotic
chromosome to start DNA
replication?
A
replication forks
B
regulatory proteins
C
chromatids
D
telomeres
B
regulatory proteins
44 In both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes, how many copies of the
chromosome are left after
replication?
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
B
2
45 Eukaryotic cells can have up to
how many times more DNA than
prokaryotic cells?
A
10
B
100
C
1,000
D
10,000
C
1,000