Transcript Genetics Vocabulary - Harrison High School

Genetics Vocabulary
Quiz set #2
• Autosome
The chromosome that is
not the sex chromosome,
in a human the
chromosomes #1-#22 are
the autosomes
• Chromosome
DNA containing structure
that carries genetic
material from one
generation to the next, in
a human diploid cell there
are 46 individual
chromosomes, a bacteria
has a single chromosome
• Law of segregation
Mendelian law stating
that two alleles for each
trait separate during
meiosis
• Law of independent
assortment
Mendalian law stating that
a random distribution of
alleles occurs during the
formation of gametes,
• Karyotype
A picture of pairs of
homologous
chromosomes arranged
in decreasing size, in a
human karyotype there
are 23 pairs of
chromosomes
• Pedigree
Diagram family history
used to study inheritance
patterns of a trait through
multiple generations.
Used to predict disorders
in the future.
• Nondisjunction
Failure of chromosomes to
separate during anaphase, the
result is often an abnormal
chromosome # called
Aneuploidy, or polyploidism
• Sex linked trait
A trait carried on the X
chromosome, ex
hemophilia and
colorblindness
• Sex chromosome
The chromosome that
determines the sex of the
organism, in a human the 23rd
pair determines sex,
XX- female
Xy- male
Zygote
A fertilized egg, the union
of two haploid gametes
• Sister chromatid
When DNA makes an
identical copy of itself
during replication the two
copies are connected at
the centromere until
pulled apart during
anaphase, each copy is
called a sister chromatid
• Mendalian law stating
that a random
distribution of alleles
occurs during the
formation of gametes,
• Law of independent
assortment
• Diagram family history
used to study
inheritance patterns of
a trait through multiple
generations. Used to
predict disorders in the
future.
• pedigree
• The chromosome that is • autosome
not the sex
chromosome, in a
human the
chromosomes #1-#22
are the autosomes
• The chromosome that
determines the sex of
the organism, in a
human the 23rd pair
determines sex,
• XX- female
• Xy- male
• Sex chromosome
• A picture of pairs of
homologous
chromosomes arranged
in decreasing size, in a
human karyotype there
are 23 pairs of
chromosomes
• karyotype
• Chromosome
• DNA containing
structure that carries
genetic material from
one generation to the
next, in a human diploid
cell there are 46
individual
chromosomes, a
bacteria has a single
chromosome
• A trait carried on the X
chromosome, ex
hemophilia and
colorblindness
• Sex linked trait
• Mendelian law stating
that two alleles for each
trait separate during
meiosis
• Law of segregation
Identical copies of DNA
made during replication
these two copies are
connected at the
centromere until pulled
apart during anaphase
• Sister chromatids
• A fertilized egg, the
union of two haploid
gametes
• zygote
• Failure of chromosomes
to separate during
anaphase, the result is
often an abnormal
chromosome # called
Aneuploidy, or
polyploidism
• nondisjunction