Transcript 3_Nature of Sc_ Jeopardy-Good

Jeopardy
Nature of How did they What came
do that?
Science
next?
Would you like
fries with that?
Who live in a
pineapple under
the sea?
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Final Jeopardy
$100 Question from H1
A solid cube was put into a cylinder
containing four liquids with different
densities as shown in the diagram.
The cube descended through layer A
and B, and stopped upon reaching
layer C. The density of the cube most
likely lies between
A. 1.00 and 1.50 g/cm3.
B. 1.51 and 3.50 g/cm3.
C. 3.51 and 6.00 g/cm3.
D. 6.01 and 9.00 g/cm3.
$100 Answer from H1
Answer C
Density is a physical characteristic and the average density of
an object is defined as the total mass per unit volume. Think
of ice in a glass of water. The ice floats because the solid state
of water is less dense than the liquid state. The cylinder
shows four substances A, B, C, and D with their labeled
densities. If the solid cube fell through substances A and B,
but stopped in C, then it is more dense than substance B (3.50
g/cm3) and less dense than substance C (6.0 g/cm3). The
correct answer is option C.
$200 Question from H1
Use the graph to answer the following question.
How far did the car
travel during the first
15 seconds of the
trip?
A. 20 m
B. 35 m
C. 150 m
D. 300 m
$200 Answer from H1
Answer D
You need to interpret the graph and use that information to
make a calculation. Use the equation Velocity (speed) =
Distance / Time. Rearrange the equation to solve for
distance using basic algebra (D = VT). According to the
graph, the car was traveling 20 m/s for the first 15 seconds
of the trip. In order to determine the distance, substitute the
given values. If the car travels at 20 m/s for 15 s, then the
car traveled 300 m (D = 20m/s X 15s).
D = 300 meters
$300 Question from H1
The table below shows some characteristics of four substances
at 1 atm pressure.
What substance is
a liquid at temperatures
ranging from
–50°C to 0°C?
A. Bromine
B. Chlorine
C. Ethanol
D. Mercury
$300 Answer from H1
Answer C
The data table includes four substances and lists their color,
melting point, and boiling point. The melting point is the
temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a
liquid state. The boiling point is the temperature that a
substance changes from the liquid to the gas phase.
According to the ranges listed in the data table, the only
substance that is a liquid from –50°C to 0°C is ethanol,
option C.
$400 Question from H1
Which graph best shows the radioactive decay of
carbon-14?
Answer D
$400 Answer from H1
Half-life is the time a radioactive substance takes to lose half its
radioactivity through decay. C-14 is a naturally occurring
radioactive carbon isotope with atomic mass 14 and a half-life of
5,730 years. It is used in determining the age of ancient organic,
geologic, or archaeological specimens.
Half-lives are often used to describe quantities that undergo
decay which follows a negative exponential function. The
students need to select which graph shows the approximate
amount of C-14 left in a sample as it experiences the decay
process. The only graph showing negative exponential decay is
option D.
$500 Question from H1
In her laboratory journal, a microbiologist enters the following
information:
“Some mold growth was seen on the agar plate that was streaked
with bacteria three days ago. Bacterial colonies were noticed on
the plate, but the area surrounding the mold did not show any
bacteria.”
Which of the following describes the microbiologist’s journal
entry?
A. Prediction
B. Observation
C. Conclusion
D. Hypothesis
$500 Answer from H1
Answer B
The statement that the microbiologist recorded in her journal
is an example of an observation (choice B). An observation
is defined as the act of noticing or perceiving something. In
science, observations refer to noting or recording a fact or
occurrence. The act of recording observations, procedures,
experimental results, and thoughts are all considered
required parts of doing “good science.”
$100 Question from H2
Observe the following diagram, which was taken
from one of Charles Darwin’s notebooks.
The words, “I think” can be
seen at the top of the page
and a branching diagram is
shown below that.
This phrase represent one of
Darwin’s
A. hypotheses.
B. questions.
C. observations.
D. laws.
$100 Answer from H2
Answer A
A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for a
phenomenon, used as a basis for further
investigation. A hypothesis is not an educated
guess. The phrase, “I think” with a proposed
explanation and diagram written below makes
the phrase a hypothesis.
$200 Question from H2
In 1989, two scientists held a news conference to announce
that they had observed controlled nuclear fusion in a glass
jar better known as cold fusion technology. It was later
determined that their findings were false.
Using this example, which step is not part of the scientific
process?
A. Peer review of scientific work in research
journals.
B. Validation of scientific results through repeated
trials.
C. Making unsubstantiated claims about results.
D. Allowing other scientists to review scientific
procedures.
$200 Answer from H2
Answer C
Making unsubstantiated claims about results is not
part of the scientific process because evidence from
an experiment needs to be peer reviewed to gauge
validity and reliability, etc. The other options
involving journals, validation through repeated
trials, and reviewing scientific procedures are part
of the scientific process.
$300 Question from H2
What makes a scientific explanation
different from a non-scientific explanation?
Scientific explanations are best described as
A. testable.
B. subjective.
C. permanent.
D. biased.
$300 Answer from H2
Answer A
One very important aspect of the scientific process is that all theories
and hypotheses are testable. In other words, any theory or hypothesis
must structured so that it can be falsified by new data, if that new data
is contradictory to the hypothesis or theory.
$400 Question from H2
In August 2006, the International Astronomical
Union removed Pluto’s status as a planet and
named it a dwarf planet.
What prompted the reclassification of Pluto?
A. A new telescope introduced in 2006 allowed
scientists to see a better view of Pluto.
B. Scientists based their decision on known data
from Pluto and other objects in the solar system.
C. A manned mission to Pluto provided evidence to
make it a dwarf planet.
D. Scientists were biased to make the solar system
have eight planets.
$400 Answer from H2
Answer B
Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet based upon
information gathered from other objects in the solar
system. Pluto was discovered in 1930 and because of its
size and distance from Earth, astronomers had no idea of
its composition or many other characteristics at the time.
Astronomers assumed that designating the new
discovery as the ninth planet was a scientifically
appropriate decision.
$500 Question from H2
When instructed by your teacher, the proper way to
smell a chemical is to
A. put the container next to your nose and inhale.
B. waft the smell away from your nose.
C. waft the smell towards your face.
D. have your lab partner smell the chemical.
$500 Answer from H2
Answer C
Smell is one important way that we conduct scientific
observations. But, smelling must be done safely and the
proper technique to observe through smell is wafting.
Direct inhalation should not be done because of its much
greater potential for serious injury. Wafting is a gentle
motion where the smell of chemical fumes is gently
directed toward your nose. Wafting is safe for chemicals
that are used in the school lab setting.
$100 Question from H3
A scientist is studying how temperature affects bacteria growth.
The following is her experimental design:
– Count the bacterial growth at the same time each day
– Place 3 petri dishes with the bacteria in the refrigerator and place 3 more petri
dishes with a different type of bacteria in an incubator
– Use a different type of agar in each petri dish
What observation can you make about her experiment?
A. Her design will efficiently measure temperature changes on bacteria
growth.
B. She has too many variables and will not be able to make a reliable
conclusion.
C. Different types of agar will serve as the independent variable in the
experimental design.
D. Her variables are controlled within the design of the experimental
investigation.
$100 Answer from H3
Answer B
The scientist has too many variables in this
experimental design. In order to accurately measure
the effect of temperature on bacterial growth, the
scientist should use the same type of bacteria in all
conditions and keep the growing source (agar)
consistent in all trials.
$200 Question from H3
The model below is designed to show how a lunar eclipse occurs.
What is the greatest limitation of this model?
A. The light bulb is standing straight up instead of tilted on an axis.
B. The comparative sizes and distances are inaccurate.
C. The shadow is being cast in the wrong direction.
D. The heat released is much less than that released by the Sun.
$200
Answer
from
H3
Answer B
This set-up, or one similar to it, is commonly used by
teachers to model a lunar eclipse. The greatest limitation of
this model are the relative sizes and distances of the objects
representing the sun, earth, and moon. If size and distance
were to scale, the sun would be much larger than the earth
and much farther. The moon would also be much smaller
than the earth. Because of these limitations, the relative
proportion of the shadow the earth casts on the moon is much
greater in the model than the relative proportion that would
actually occur.
$300 Question from H3
While conducting careful experimentation, a chemist
discovered a new element. The international scientific
community would most likely
A. ignore the new data because it did not fit into the
generally accepted periodic table.
B. create a new classification system with the new
information.
C. disagree on how to incorporate the new data and create
many classification systems based on personal
preference.
D. repeat the experiment and modify the current periodic
table to include the new data.
$300 Answer from H3
Answer D
Students should understand that science is a
process that requires modifications be made to
existing ideas as new information is obtained.
$400 Question from H3
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were introduced in the 1930’s
as a replacement for hazardous materials used as coolants in
refrigerators and as propellants for many aerosol
products. CFCs are now banned in the United States and in
most of the world. The removal of CFCs from common use
is because they damage the ozone layer.
This is an example of how
A. science and technology always benefit each other.
B. science, technology, and society operate independently
of each other.
C. scientific advances are influenced by the costs and
benefits of those advances.
D. science is proven wrong when given enough time.
$400 Answer from H3
Answer C
This standard requires students to understand how
scientific events and discoveries have positively and
negatively impacted society. Also, students should
know that technological advances frequently have
unintended consequences that are not initially
evident. It is important to incorporate real-life
examples of costs and benefits of scientific advances
on the environment and/or society.
$500 Question from H3
Science, technology, and society affect each other in
both positive and negative ways. One example was the
discovery of antibiotics. Which of the following best
describes the negative affect that antibiotics have on
society?
The extensive use of antibiotics
A. has led to the evolution of resistant strains of
bacteria.
B. has caused several forms of new cancers to
develop.
C. in consumer products has led to increased obesity
in humans.
D. resulted in an over-abundance of medical
professionals.
$500 Answer from H3
Answer A
Antibiotics have made a major contribution to human
health. Many diseases that once killed people can now
be treated effectively with antibiotics. However, some
bacteria have become resistant to commonly used
antibiotics. The extensive use of antibiotics has led to
the evolution of resistant strains of bacteria.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
has been highlighted as a serious public health
concern, especially in hospitals. Avoiding unnecessary
prescription of antibiotics can reduce antibiotic
resistant bacteria.
$100 Question from H4
Which of the following is a negative impact
caused by mining for resources?
The mining industry
A. contributes to the economy and provides
employment.
B. practices reclamation procedures when a mine
closes.
C. uses leaching techniques that cause heavy
metals to enter the water supply.
D. provides the raw materials needed to make the
items used daily by society.
$100 Answer from H4
Answer C
The only negative impact listed is option C.
Specifically, leaching of heavy metals into the water
supply may potentially increase toxicity in drinking
water and create general damage to the surrounding
ecosystem.
$200 Question from H4
In the United States, the resource consumption
practices of the average citizen is
A. less than all other parts of the world.
B. balanced by recycling plastic items.
C. greater than most countries in the world.
D. contributing to sustainable living practices.
$200 Answer from H4
Answer C
On average, Americans use more wood and paper
products and consume much more beef (which
takes about 10 times as much energy to produce as
the same nutritional amount of grains or
vegetables) per person than almost any other
nationality.
$300 Question from H4
Which of the following practices has a
negative environmental impact on a desert
community?
A. Using solar screens
B. Having grass lawns
C. Voluntary recycling
D. Using water-efficient toilets
$300 Answer from H4
Answer B
The best answer is B because maintaining a grass
lawn has a negative impact on the environment due
to water consumption. The Colorado River system is
facing the worst drought on record. Lake Mead's
water level has dropped approximately 100 feet since
January 2000. However, Southern Nevada's annual
water consumption decreased by nearly 26 billion
gallons between 2002 and 2009, despite a population
increase of 400,000 during that span and
approximately 40 million annual visitors.
$400 Question from H4
A construction company is proposing to build a new
housing development in an area that will destroy a wetland
habitat.
Which of the following would most likely be a
consequence of the wetland’s destruction?
A. The wetland plant species would disperse to adjacent
meadow habitats.
B. The populations of wetland animals would be unable to
survive in that area.
C. The wetland animal species would survive by
interbreeding with non-wetland species.
D. The populations of wetland plants would evolve to
disperse seeds by wind rather than water.
Answer B
$400 Answer from H4
The building of a housing development in a wetland habitat would
most likely result in the inability of the wetland animals to survive.
Wetlands have often incorrectly been regarded as wasteland.
According to the USGS, “Wetlands cover less than 1 percent of
Nevada but are some of the most economically and ecologically
valuable lands in the state. Benefits of wetlands include flood
attenuation, bank stabilization, water-quality improvement, and fish
and wildlife habitat. Desert wetlands include marshes in playa lakes,
nonvegetated playas, and riparian wetlands; mountain wetlands
include fens and other wetlands that form in small glacial lakes. “
$500 Question from H4
Tobacco companies argue that smoking is not directly
related to lung cancer. People who smoke cigarettes
have only a one-percent chance of getting lung cancer.
Which statement best contradicts this claim?
A. Eighty-seven percent of lung cancer patients smoke
cigarettes.
B. Lung cancer caused by asbestos exposure is the same
as lung cancer caused by smoking.
C. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 cancercausing substances.
D. Exposure to radon gas is considered the second
leading cause of lung cancer.
$500 Answer from H4
Answer A
This question requires students to select an option that
contradicts the claim made by the tobacco company. In
order to answer this question, students must evaluate the
potential bias in how evidence is interpreted. In this case,
the tobacco company claims that smoking is not directly
related to cancer because those who smoke only have a
1% chance of getting lung cancer. Although each option
is a true statement, the best answer is option A.
$100 Question from H5
In the scientific community, deliberate deceit and
dishonesty, including forged or fabricated data,
falsified or invented results, and plagiarism belongs
within the category of
A. honest mistakes.
B. noncompliance.
C. scientific misconduct.
D. ethical behavior.
$100 Answer from H5
Answer C
Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard
codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in
professional scientific research. Option C is the correct
answer because plagiarism violates the standard codes
of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior because
plagiarism is stealing of ideas and passing off those
ideas as your own. In other words, stealing of ideas is
just as wrong as stealing material items. And passing off
those ideas as your own is fraudulent.
$200 Question from H5
Accurate estimates of the age of Earth were not
possible until what discovery was made?
A. Earth’s core cools at predictable and
measurable rates.
B. Radioactive decay occurs in certain elements
at a constant rate.
C. The oldest fossils are found in layers at the
bottom of rock strata.
D. The shrinking diameter of the Sun can be
used to infer the age of planets.
Answer B
$200 Answer from H5
According to the USGS, “So far scientists have not found a way to determine the
exact age of the Earth directly from Earth rocks because Earth's oldest rocks have
been recycled and destroyed by the process of plate tectonics. If there are any of
Earth's primordial rocks left in their original state, they have not yet been found.
Nevertheless, scientists have been able to determine the probable age of the Solar
System and to calculate an age for the Earth by assuming that the Earth and the rest
of the solid bodies in the Solar System formed at the same time and are, therefore,
of the same age. The ages of Earth and Moon rocks and of meteorites are measured
by the decay of long-lived radioactive isotopes of elements that occur naturally in
rocks and minerals and that decay with half lives of 700 million to more than 100
billion years to stable isotopes of other elements. These dating techniques, which
are firmly grounded in physics and are known collectively as radiometric dating, are
used to measure the last time that the rock being dated was either melted or
disturbed sufficiently to rehomogenize its radioactive elements.”
From: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html
$300 Question from H5
Which statement below best describes Charles
Darwin’s theory of natural selection and Alfred
Wegener’s theory of continental drift?
A. The theories answer all scientific questions about
evolution and continental drift.
B. Planned and repeated experiments were used to
develop these theories.
C. These theories are an example of how scientific
theories do not change over time.
D. The work of other scientists contributed to the
development of both theories.
$300 Answer from H5
Answer D
Darwin and Wegener developed their theories by
using information and incorporating ideas presented
by other scientists.
$400 Question from H5
Which statement best describes the process of
science?
A. Scientific ideas change over time.
B. Scientists are objective and free of
prejudice.
C. Scientists generally discover new ideas
without the help of others.
D. New ideas in science generally result from
planned experiments.
$400 Answer from H5
Answer A
Science is a process that involves modifying ideas as new information is
discovered.
According to the UCMP, “Conclusions of science are reliable, though tentative.
Science is always a work in progress, and its conclusions are always tentative.
But just as the word “theory” means something special to the scientist, so too
does the word “tentative.” Science’s conclusions are not tentative in the sense
that they are temporary until the real answer comes along. Scientific conclusions
are well founded in their factual content and thinking and are tentative only in
the sense that all ideas are open to scrutiny. In science, the tentativeness of ideas
such as the nature of atoms, cells, stars or the history of the Earth refers to the
willingness of scientists to modify their ideas as new evidence appears.”
From: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/nature/index.shtml
$500 Question from H5
What is the primary energy source behind
the water cycle?
A. Earth’s internal energy
B. Sun’s electromagnetic radiation
C. Moon’s gravitational attraction
D. Radioactive decay of elements
$500 Answer from H5
Answer B
While Earth’s internal energy is considerable, it is accounts for less than 1% of the Earth’s
energy budget. Energy from the Sun accounts for more than 99% of the Earth’s energy
budget and drives the water cycle.
The Earth’s internal energy comes from two sources. The first is the warming caused by the
formation of the planet. Scientific evidence indicates Earth and the other planets were formed
by accretion (collisions and sticking) of planetesimals. The kinetic energy of these impacts
raised the planet’s temperature as it formed, so much so, that early Earth consisted of melted
rock and metal. Since that time, Earth has been slowly cooling as this primordial internal
energy is radiated back to space. The second source of internal energy is from decay of
radioactive elements present in Earth materials. For example, the decay of Uranium-238 in
the Earth’s crust, mantle, and core release energy that ultimately warms surrounding material.
Final Jeopardy
This author wrote, “If one man kills another,
it murder, but if a hundred thousand men kill
another hundred thousand, it is considered an
act of glory!?”
Final Jeopardy Answer
Who is Tolstoy?
(The book is
Kingdom of God)