Transcript Reprogramming Microbes Presentation

BIOTECHNOLOGY
(c) Re-Programming Microbes
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
1.
In cells such as bacteria which do not
have a nucleus, where are the
chromosomes found?
In a plasmid,
or a circle of 1 single chromosome
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
2. How can human DNA strands be cut so
that they can be placed into bacterial cells?
By using enzymes
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
3.
What are some of the advantages of
genetic engineering over selective
breeding?
•Only a single characteristic can be modified
•The change in characteristic can happen in a
few years rather than over many generations.
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
4.
Give 2 reasons why the need for insulin
is increasing each year.
•Increased numbers of diabetics
•Increased demand for insulin – animal insulin
could soon be in short supply.
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
5.
What is the advantage of genetically
engineered insulin over insulin
produced from slaughtered animals?
•Some people are allergic to cattle or pig insulin – no
allergies with genetically engineered insulin
•Some people do not like the thought of using animal
insulin.
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
6.
Name another economically important
product from genetic engineering.
Human growth hormone
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
7.
What kind of biologically active
ingredient do biological detergents use
to digest stains?
Enzymes
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
8.
Give 2 advantages of using a biological
detergent instead of a non-biological.
•Washes are done at a lower temperature – this
saves time and money.
•Delicate fabrics are cleaned with less damage
to the fabric.
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
9.
What effect do antibiotics have on
bacteria?
Antibiotics kill bacteria
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
10. In the diagram below, which antibiotics
had an effect on the bacteria?
A
clear area
D
B
C
multodisc
bacterial growth
on agar plate
Antibiotics B and A (the clear area round A and B shows that
no bacteria are growing – the antibiotic has killed it).
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
11. An agent which acts as a carrier between
2 species is called a vector. Which part of
a bacterium’s chromosomal material
could this term be used to describe?
The plasmid
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
Arrange the following steps involved in
12. the process of genetic engineering in the
correct order.
A) Identification Insertion of a gene into a plasmid and the
plasmid into a bacterium
B) Removal of the required gene from an organism
C) Growth and multiplication of a bacterial cell forming the
product
D)
Extraction and opening up of the bacterial plasmid
B D A C
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
13.
What name is given to the traditional method
by which man produced new varieties of useful
organisms?
Selective Breeding
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
14.
What is insulin?
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas
Why is insulin essential?
It converts excess glucose to glycogen
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
15. Why is a range of antibiotics needed in
the treatment of bacterial disease?
Different bacteria produce different
diseases, so a different antibiotic is
needed for each bacterium.
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
16.
Who discovered antibiotics?
Alexander Fleming
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
17.
Are immobilised enzymes used in
Continuous Flow or Batch
Processing industrial processes?
Continuous flow
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
18.
Why is Continuous Flow processing
more advantageous than Batch
Processing?
The end product does not have the enzyme mixed with it
The enzyme can be re-used many times
No time is lost between each lot through the vessel
No waste – enzymes are not discarded
W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School
19.
Which of the following statements
refer to Batch Processing?
•Vat cleaned out before re-filling This one!
•Immobilised enzymes used
•All ingredients mixed together at start This one!
•Pure product flows out
•Substance added gradually
•An extra process is needed to separate the substance
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McConnell
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Kinross High School
from
the
This one!
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W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School