Transcript Assessment Of The Quality Of Tap Water In The Eastern Region

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Mid-Year Review Seminar: 17/07/2014
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Presenters:
Humphrey Darko
Dr. Osmund Ansa-Asare
(Environmental Chemistry Division)
Mark Akrong (EBHD)
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ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF TAP
WATER IN THE EASTERN REGION
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 Humphrey Darko
 Mark Akrong
 Dr. Ansa-Asare
 Anthony Karikari
 Jude Quansah
 Murijinatu Abdul-Hamid
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Project Team
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 Introduction
 Objective
 Methodology
 Results and Discussion
 Conclusions and Recommendations
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Presentation Outline
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consumed for constituents which may pose a potential
health risk to human health.
when drinking water sources have been
subjected to treatment and disinfection, it is essential
that routine examination of the supply is carried out at
weekly, or even daily intervals where the population
at risk is large (Chapman, 1996).
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 It is important to monitor water that is intended to be
 Even
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Introduction
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Nsawam Adoagyire Municipal, (Nsawam)
Suhum/Kraboa/Coaltar District, (Suhum)
New Juaben Municipal, (Koforidua)
Kwahu West Municipal, (Nkawkaw)
Kwahu South District,(Mpraeso)
West Akim Municipal (Asamakese)
East Akim District (Akim –Tafo)
Kwaebibirem District (Kade)
Birim Central Municipal (Akim-Oda)
Akwapim South District (Aburi)
Akwapim North Municipal (Akropong)
The assessment involved physico-chemical and bacteriological
water quality parameters of tap used by consumers.
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The Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC)
contracted the CSIR Water Research Institute (CSIR-WRI) to
undertake an independent assessment of the quality of tap
water in the Eastern Region in the month of April 2013. Some
Districts were selected for the for the investigation.
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Introduction
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objective of the study was to investigate
the quality of tap water consumed in the
Eastern Region, to determine its suitability for
drinking.
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 The
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Objective of the Study
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Labs in Accra for analysis.
The samples were collected from:
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Public standpipes
Secondary Schools
Hospitals
Regional Minister’s Residence
Private homes
Few Boreholes
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 Field visits were made to 43 sampling locations.
 Samples were collected and brought to CSIR-WRI
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Methodology-Sampling
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Kwawu Tafo Sec Sch
Akim-Oda Sec Sch. Kitchen
Kwahu Tafo Booster Station
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PSP at Nkawkaw
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Methodology- sampling
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Reg. Min. Residence, K’dua, Kitchen
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K’dua Cent.Hospital Kitchen
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Methodology- sampling
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Map of sample locations in the ER.
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pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, TDS, TSS, Total Hardness;
Nutrients (NO3-N, PO4-P);
Major Ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3-, SO42-);
Metals (Fe, Mn);
Chlorine Residual.
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Key Bateriological Parameters: (TC, FC, E. coli, THB)
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The quality of the water was assessed in relation to World Health
Organisation guideline values for drinking water (WHO, 2006)
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Key Physico-chemical parameters:
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Results and discussion
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Percentage of samples (%)
63
60
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40
35
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20
10
2
0
0
<5
5-6.5
6.5-8.5
pH value
>8.5
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70
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Results and discussion - pH
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and shelter for pathogens.
Percentage of samples (%)
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70
60
50
40
30
20
7.0
10
0
<5
>5
Range of Turbidity values (NTU)
If not removed, turbidity can
promote regrowth of pathogens
in the distribution system,
leading to waterborne disease
outbreaks, eg. Gastroenteritis
USEPA,1999).
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Turbidity can provide food
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90
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water will make it
objectionable.
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High turbidity in drinking
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100
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Results and discussions - Turbidity
Represents both
aesthetic and health
problem
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surfaces of cooking
utensils used in the
household for heating,
eg. saucepans,
Kettles.
WHO guideline is
500 mg/lCaCO3.
60
53
50
Percentage of samples (%)
Deposits scales on
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30
20
16
19
10
5
5
150-200
200-300
2
0
0-50
50-100
100-150
Range of Hardness values (mg/lCaCO3)
>300
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to lather well with
soap.
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Makes water unable
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Results and discussion – Total Hardness
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Parameter
Min(mg/l) Max(mg/l) WHO Guide
Nitrite-N
0.030
0.359
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Nitrate-N
0.055
0.855
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Phosphate
0.052
1.27
Calcium
2.60
82.1
200
Magnesium
1.50
32.2
150
Iron
0.010
0.434
0.3
Manganese
0.005
0.429
0.4
Sodium
6.00
95.0
200
Potassium
0.400
18.3
30
Chloride
2.70
123
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Sulphate
3.75
238
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Colour
2.50
7.50
15
Total Sus. Solids
1.00
1.00
Coductivity(uS/cm)
46.9
739
Total Dis. Solids
25.8
575
1000
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Results and discussion
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Percentage of samples (%)
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To ensure that drinking
water is free of diseasecausing microorganisms,
chlorine residual should be
maintained in the distribution
system.
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15
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10
7
5
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ND
0.01-0.02
0.02 - 0.10
0.10 - 0.20
Range of Chlorine Residual values (mg/l)
80
Perecentage of samples
It is required to range
between 0.1 mg/l to 0.2 mg/l
at consumers tap.
26
25
70
69
60
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40
31
30
20
10
0
< 0.10 mg/l
> 0.10 mg/l
Chlorine residual concentration
0.21 - 0.25
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Results and discussion - Chlorine Residual
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Percentage of sample (%)
70
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50
42
40
30
28
23
20
10
0
No TC
No FC
No E Coli
Bacteria group
THB <500
No TC,FC,Ecol, THB<500
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Results and discussion- Bacteriological
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in few of the waters, levels of the other physicochemical parameters in the waters were satisfactory to
make the waters suitable for drinking.
of the waters, however, were
found to be poor due to presence of bacteria counts
in most of the waters. It is therefore advised that
water from the tap should be boiled to kill off any
probable bacteria before used for drinking.
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 Physico-chemical quality:
 Except low pH and low Free Cl which were observed
 Bacteria quality:
 The bacteria quality
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Conclusions and Recommendations
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Municipal, Kwahu South Dist., were seen to be
poorest with regard to bacterial quality.
be done frequently at the booster stations to
prevent any bacterial re-growth.
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 Nsawam Adoagyire Municpal, Kwahu West
 It is recommended that re-chlorination should
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Conclusions and Recommendations
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tap water in our distribution systems is
necessary to ensure good quality of
water to consumers.
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 Regular monitoring of the quality of
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Conclusions and Recommendations
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Thank you all
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