Transcript Bacteria
Archaebacteria: bacteria that lacks the peptidoglycan layer in its structure- Older (in time) bacteria ◦ Live in oxygen free environment ◦ Produce methane gas (methanogens) ◦ Lives in EXTREME environments marshes, salty environments, volcanoes Eubacteria: Bacteria that DOES have the peptidoglycan layer in its structure. Common bacteria (E.coli, Streptococcus) Eubacteria soil, in organisms Archeabacteria harsh environments (hot springs, animal digestive tract, salty lakes, etc.) BACTERIA ARE PROKARYOTIC microorganisms that can be found everywhere DNA genetic information for the organism Cell Wall gives structure and shape. Prevents osmosis form bursting the cell for the bacteria: Archeabacteria has NO peptidoglycan in the cell wall BUT Eubacteria does Pili pointy structures that allow for attachment to cells Cytoplasm watery material that carries minerals allows for transport within the organism Plasma membrane surrounds the organism. Allows for transport of material in and out of the organism Ribosomes synthesizes (makes) protein Flagella aids in movement of some bacteria Capsule sticky gelatin that some bacteria have. Helps in attachment and causing disease Plasmid small circular piece of genetic material that contains a few genes Flagella- whip like structure that aids in movement Slime- slime layer on the outside that moves bacteria along Spiral movement- propelling of the bacteria with a spiral movement Circular coccus ◦ Streptococcus Rodbacillus ◦ Clostridium botulinum Spiral spirillum ◦ Spirillum volutans Type of arrangement+type of bacteria= how they hangout Arrangement ◦ Diplo= in pairs ◦ Strepto= in a chain ◦ Staphylo= in clusters ◦ Example: Diplobacillus= rod shaped in pairs ◦ Streptococcus= circular shape in chains Staphylobaccillus= rod shape clusters Binary Fission Genetic info is duplicated and bacteria splits Type of asexual reproduction •Genetic information is exchanged between two bacterial cells through a conjugation tube •DNA is taken up by the plasmid •Each bacterial cell can now divide. Obligate Aerobes bacteria that USES oxygen for carrying out life processes Obligate Anaerobes bacteria that DOES NOT use oxygen for carrying out life processes Facultative Anaerobes bacteria that can live in an environment that can either have or not have oxygen Autotrophic ◦ Make it themselves with the help of light or inorganic matter and chemicals Chemoautotroph- An organism, such as a bacterium that obtains its nourishment through the breakdown of inorganic chemical compounds. Ex: Sulfuric bacteria Photoautotroph- an organism, such as bacteria that synthesizes its own food from inorganic substances using light energy Ex: Cyanobacteria Heterotrophic Breakdown food, dead or decaying matter (organic matter). Decomposers Photoheterotroph= use light for energy , but still must obtain food from another source Ex: Helicobacteria Chemoheterotroph= use the breakdown of chemicals to generate energy but the source comes from another organism. Ex: Bacteria in our gut- E.coli Absolutely!! Endospore structure ◦ A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell ◦ It contains the cell’s genetic material and some of its cytoplasm. ◦ It can resist freezing, heating, and drying, they can survive for many years until the right conditions are present. Nitrogen Fixation- bacteria breaks down nitrogen in soil to make it usable for plants Recycling of Nutrients- bacteria breaks down dead organic matter to return minerals back to the soil Food and Medicine- cheese, yogurt (lactobacillus acidophilus), sour cream, saurkraut all have bacteria Fuels some Archaebacteria produces methane gas Symbiotic Relationships ◦ E. Coli Vitamin K in Human Intestines Spoil food Food poisoning because of undercooked foods Producing toxins that harm living things Bacteria attaches to our cells and release toxins that make us sick Some are… Pneumonia Strep pneumonia Anthrax Bacilli anthracis Whooping Cough Bordetella pertussis Take antibiotics to kill the peptidoglycan of the bacteria ◦ Pennicillin, streptomyocin, ampicillin, etc. ◦ Survival of Bacteria Many bacteria are now resistant to these medications and can survive even if you do take them!! ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE 5 ways that bacteria are important are… 4 places where archaebacteria are found are… 3 shapes that bacteria can be are… 2 diseases that are caused by bacteria are… 1way that bacteria are winning the war on infection is…